姑息治疗
主编
Robert M Arnold, MD
- Editor-in-Chief — Palliative Care
- Section Editor — General Principles of Palliative Care
- Chief, Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Susan D Block, MD
- Editor-in-Chief — Palliative Care
- Section Editor — Psychosocial Issues
- Professor of Psychiatry
- Harvard Medical School
责任主编
Jane Givens, MD, MSCE
- Deputy Editor — Primary Care (Adult)
Diane MF Savarese, MD
- Senior Deputy Editor — UpToDate
- Deputy Editor — Oncology and Palliative Care
- Clinical Instructor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
副主编
Janet Abrahm, MD
- Section Editor — Pain: Assessment and Management
- Professor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
Robert M Arnold, MD
- Editor-in-Chief — Palliative Care
- Section Editor — General Principles of Palliative Care
- Chief, Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Susan D Block, MD
- Editor-in-Chief — Palliative Care
- Section Editor — Psychosocial Issues
- Professor of Psychiatry
- Harvard Medical School
Eduardo Bruera, MD
- Section Editor — Non Pain Symptoms: Assessment and Management
- Professor of Oncology
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Houston
R Sean Morrison, MD
- Section Editor — Selected End Stage Conditions
- Hermann Merkin Professor of Palliative Care
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Christine Ritchie, MD, MSPH
- Section Editor — Palliative Care
- Ken Minaker Endowed Chair in Geriatric Medicine
- Research Director, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine
- Massachusetts General Hospital Mongan Institute
Maria J Silveira, MD, MA, MPH
- Section Editor — Special Sites of Care and Allied Health Professions
- Clinician Scientist
- Ann Arbor VAMC
- Associate Professor of Internal Medicine
- University of Michigan
Thomas J Smith, MD, FACP, FASCO, FAAHPM
- Section Editor — Non Pain Symptoms: Assessment and Management
- Professor of Oncology
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center of Johns Hopkins Medical Institution
Authors
Laura Blockhus, BA
- Development Editor — UpToDate
Ava Garcia, BA
- Content Editor — UpToDate
Authors
Kathryn Agarwal, MD
- Assistant Professor of Medicine
- Baylor College of Medicine
Ebtesam Ahmed, PharmD, MS
- Clinical Professor, St. John's University College of Pharmacy
- Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Innovative Institute for Palliative Care
Larry Allen, MD, MHS, FACC, FAHA, FHFSA
- Professor of Medicine
- Medical Director, Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation
- University of Colorado School of Medicine
Robert M Arnold, MD
- Editor-in-Chief — Palliative Care
- Section Editor — General Principles of Palliative Care
- Chief, Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Joseph A Arthur, MD, FAAHPM
- Associate Professor
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
John R Bach, MD
- Professor, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
Travis P Baggett, MD, MPH
- Assistant Professor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
F Amos Bailey, MD
- Professor of Medicine
- University of Colorado at Denver
Michael J Balboni, PhD, ThM
- Instructor of Psychiatry
- Harvard Medical School
Tracy A Balboni, MD, MPH
- Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology
- Harvard Medical School
Margaret P Battin, MFA, PhD
- Distinguished Professor, Department of Philosophy and Division of Medical Ethics and Humanities
- University of Utah
Lisa M Bellini, MD
- Professor of Medicine
- University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
Mark Bilsky, MD
- Attending Neurologic Surgeon
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
- Professor Neurologic Surgery
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Sharon L Bober, PhD
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry
- Harvard Medical School
Jeffrey A Bogart, MD
- Professor & Chair
- Department of Radiation Oncology
- Upstate Medical University
Liliana Bordeianou, MD, MPH
- Professor of Surgery
- Harvard Medical School
Barry A Borlaug, MD
- Section Editor — Heart Failure
- Professor of Medicine
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
D Craig Brater, MD
- Emeritus Dean
- Indiana University School of Medicine
- President
- Regenstrief Foundation
- President
- Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine
William Breitbart, MD
- Professor of Clinical Psychiatry
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University
- Chairman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Paul Brown, MD
- Professor Radiation Oncology
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Rebecca Brown, MD, MPH
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania
- Core Investigator, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center
- Attending Physician, Geriatrics and Extended Care Program, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center
Eduardo Bruera, MD
- Section Editor — Non Pain Symptoms: Assessment and Management
- Professor of Oncology
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Houston
Gary Buckholz, MD, FAAHPM
- Associate Clinical Professor
- Doris Howell Palliative Care Service
- University of California, San Diego
Matthew R Callstrom, MD, PhD
- Professor of Radiology
- Mayo Clinic
Elise C Carey, MD
- Associate Professor of Medicine,
- Center for Palliative Medicine,
- Mayo Clinic
Daniel Carr, MD
- Professor of Public Health and Community Medicine
- Professor of Anesthesiology and Medicine
- Tufts University School of Medicine
David Cella, PhD
- Professor
- Feinberg School at Northwestern University
Elizabeth Chaitin, DHCE
- Assistant Professor, Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics Services
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Victor T Chang, MD
- Professor of Medicine,
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School,
- VA New Jersey Health Care System
Nathan Cherny, MD
- Associate Professor of Medicine
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
April Christensen, MD, MS
Diana Coffa, MD
- Associate Professor, Department of Family Community Medicine
- University of California, San Francisco
Audrey Kurash Cohen, MS, CCC-SLP
- Department of Speech, Language and Swallowing Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Communication and Sciences Department
- Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions
David J Copenhaver, MD
- Director of Cancer Pain Management and Supportive Care, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Department
- University of California at Davis
J Randall Curtis, MD, MPH
- Professor of Medicine
- University of Washington
Shalini Dalal, MD
- Professor, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Timothy A Damron, MD
- Vice-Chair and David G. Murray Endowed Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
- SUNY Upstate Medical University
Marion Danis, MD
Sara N Davison, MD, MHSc, FRCP(C)
- Professor of Medicine
- University of Alberta
- Director, Kidney Supportive Care Research Group
Malcolm M DeCamp, MD
- Chair, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
- K. Craig Kent Chair in Strategic Leadership
- Professor of Surgery
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
Egidio Del Fabbro, MD
- Associate Professor of Hematology/Oncology and Palliative Care
- Virginia Commonwealth University
Mark H DeLegge, MD, FACG, AGAF
- Professor of Medicine
- Medical University of South Carolina
Rony Dev, DO
- Assistant Professor
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Lara K Dhingra, PhD
- Assistant Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Steven J DiBiase, MD
- Chief of Service
- Department of Radiation Oncology
- New York-Presbyterian Queens
- Vice Chairman and Assistant Professor (Interim)
- Weill Cornell Medical College
Anna L Dickerman, MD
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Michele DiTomas, MD
- Chief Medical Executive
- Hospice Medical Director
- California Medical Facility
- California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Reed E Drews, MD
- Section Editor — Complications of Cancer
- Associate Professor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
Deborah Dudgeon, MD, FRCPC
- Professor Emeritus, Queen's University
David H Ellison, MD, FASN, FAHA
- Professor of Medicine and Physiology & Pharmacology
- Oregon Health & Science University
Scott K Epstein, MD
- Professor of Medicine
- Tufts University School of Medicine
Karen Evans, MD
- Professor
- Georgetown University Medical Center
Betty Ferrell, PhD, MA, FAAN, FPCN
- Director and Professor, Division of Nursing Research and Education
- City of Hope Medical Center
Joseph Francis, Jr, MD, MPH
- Executive Director, Analytics and Performance Integration
- Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC
Erik K Fromme, MD
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
- Associate Physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Nestor Galvez-Jimenez, MD, MSc, MHSA, FACP
- The Pauline M. Braathen Endowed Chair
- Chairman, Department of Neurology
- Cleveland Clinic Florida
- Clinical Professor of Neurology
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine
Ann C Garlitski, MD, FACC, FHRS
- Assistant Professor of Medicine
- Tufts University School of Medicine
Jane Givens, MD, MSCE
- Deputy Editor — Primary Care (Adult)
Tessa Goldsmith, MA, CCC-SLP
- Department of Speech, Language and Swallowing Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Communication and Sciences Department
- Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions
MeiLan King Han, MD, MS
- Section Editor for UpToDate Pathways and Clinical Effectiveness — COPD
- Professor
- University of Michigan Medical Center
George Handzo, BCC, CSSBB
- Director of Health Services Research & Quality
- HealthCare Chaplaincy, New York, NY
Laura C Hanson, MD, MPH
- Professor of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
Stephanie M Harman, MD
- Clinical Associate Professor
- Stanford University School of Medicine
Julie Hauer, MD
- Assistant Professor
- Boston Children's Hospital
Jeremy M Hirst, MD
- Clinical Professor of Psychiatry
- UC San Diego School of Medicine
- Associate Director, Palliative Care Psychiatry
- Associate Director of Psychiatry and Psychological Services, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health
Brian D Hoit, MD
- Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics
- Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland
Scott A Irwin, MD, PhD
- Professor of Psychiatry
- Director, Patient and Family Support Program
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute
- Cedars-Sinai Health System
Margaret L Isaac, MD
- Associate Professor of Medicine
- University of Washington
Koto Ishida, MD
- Associate Professor of Neurology
- NYU Medical Center
Vicki A Jackson, MD, MPH
- Associate Professor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
Juliet C Jacobsen, MD
- Assistant Professor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
Daisy JA Janssen, MD, PhD
- Research coordinator, Centre of Expertise for Palliative care
- Maastricht University Medical Centre
Noelle Marie Javier, MD
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York
Milind Javle, MD
- Professor of Medicine
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
- Department of GI Medical Oncology
Lisa A Kachnic, MD, FASTRO
- Chu H Chang Professor and Chair
- Department of Radiation Oncology
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
Yair Y Keilson, MD
- Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine
Hillary R Kelly, MD
- Assistant Professor of Radiology
- Harvard Medical School
Stefan G Kertesz, MD, MSc
- Professor of Medicine
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
Paul J Kim, DPM, MS
- Professor
- Department of Plastic Surgery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Texas Southwestern
- Medical Director
- Wound Program
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Anne Kinderman, MD
- Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, UCSF
- Director, Supportive & Palliative Care Service,
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital
Barbara A Koenig, PhD
- Professor of Medical Anthropology and Bioethics
- Institute for Health and Aging,
- University of California, San Francisco
Holly M Koncicki, MD
- Associate Professor
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Suresh Kumar, MBBS, DA, Dip Pall, MA
- Director, WHO Collaborating Center for Community Participation in Palliative Care and Long Term Care, Institute of Palliative Medicine
- Medical College, Calicut, Kerala, India
Anil Nicholas Kurup, MD
- Associate Professor of Radiology
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Ruth L Lagman, MD, MPH, FACP, FAAHPM
- The Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine and Supportive Oncology
- Taussig Cancer Institute
- Cleveland Clinic
Sangeeta Lamba, MD
- Professor of Emergency Medicine
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
John D Lantos, MD
- Professor of Pediatrics
- University of Missouri - Kansas City
Ilya Laufer, MD
- Associate Professor of Neurosurgery
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine
Thomas W LeBlanc, MD, MA, MHS
- Associate Professor of Medicine
- Duke University School of Medicine
Sei Lee, MD
- Professor of Medicine
- University of California, San Francisco
Richard E Leiter, MD, MA
- Attending Physician
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
- Instructor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
Jon Levenson, MD
- Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry
- Columbia University
Elizabeth McCormick, MD
- Director of Home-Based Medical Care
- Cityblock Health
Zankhana Mehta, MD
- Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine
- Geisinger Medical Center
Diane E Meier, MD, FACP
- Director, Center to Advance Palliative Care
- Director, Hertzberg Palliative Care Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
- Professor, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Sebastiano Mercadante, MD
- Main regional center for pain relief and supportive/palliative care,
- La Maddalena Cancer Center,
- Palermo, Italy
Jessica Merlin, MD
- PhD Associate
- University of Pittsburgh
Fremonta L Meyer, MD
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry
- Harvard Medical School
Laura Miller-Smith, MD, HEC-C
- Associate Professor (provisional), Department of Pediatrics
- Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Sciences University
Susan L Mitchell, MD, MPH
- Professor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
Marcos Montagnini, MD
- Professor of Internal Medicine
- University of Michigan
Anna C Muriel, MD
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry
- Harvard Medical School
Eiad Nasser, MD
- University of Maryland Harford Memorial Hospital,
- University of Maryland Upper Chesapeake Medical Center
Tomasz R Okon, MD
- Assistant Professor of Medicine
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
David Oliver, BSc, FRCP, FRCGP
- Honorary Professor
- University of Kent
Shirley Otis-Green, MSW, MA, LCSW, ACSW, OSW-C
- Consultant
- Collaborative Caring
Joseph G Ouslander, MD
- Professor of Geriatric Medicine
- Senior Advisor to the Dean for Geriatrics
- Schmidt College of Medicine
- Florida Atlantic University
Meera Pahuja, MD
- Assistant Professor
- Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital System
Eliza Park, MD
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Medicine
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Amy H Peterman, PhD
- Associate Professor
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Thaddeus M Pope, JD, PhD, HEC-C
- Professor, Mitchell Hamline School of Law
Russell K Portenoy, MD
- Chief Medical Officer
- MJHS Hospice and Palliative Care
- Professor of Neurology and Family and Social Medicine
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Christina M Puchalski, MD, MS, FACP, FAAHPM
- Director and Professor
- George Washington Institute for Spirituality and Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC
Tammie E Quest, MD
- Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine
- Emory University School of Medicine
Timothy E Quill, MD
- Professor of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Medical Humanities
- University of Rochester School of Medicine
Dmitry J Rabkin, MD, PhD
- Assistant Professor
- Harvard Medical School
- Division of Angiography and Interventional Radiology
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
Lynn F Reinke, PhD, ARNP
- Clinical Associate Professor, School of Nursing
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington
Jacynthe Rivest, MD
- Clinical Assistant Professor in Psychiatry
- University of Montreal
Donald L Rosenstein, MD
- Professor of Psychiatry and Medicine
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Nan Rothrock, PhD
- Associate Professor
- Medical Social Sciences
- Feinberg School of Medicine
- Northwestern University
Peter P Roy-Byrne, MD
- Editor-in-Chief — Psychiatry
- Section Editor — Depressive Disorders
- Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- University of Washington School of Medicine
Bruce A Runyon, MD, FAASLD
- Section Editor — Cirrhosis and Its Complications
- Special Hepatology Consultant to the Indian Health Service
- Northern Navajo Medical Center, Shiprock, New Mexico
Michael J Sadighian, MSc
- University of California, San Francisco
- School of Medicine
A Oliver Sartor, MD
- Laborde Professor for Cancer Research
- Medical Director, Tulane Cancer Center
- Depts. of Medicine and Urology
- Tulane Medical School
Diane MF Savarese, MD
- Senior Deputy Editor — UpToDate
- Deputy Editor — Oncology and Palliative Care
- Clinical Instructor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
Yael Schenker, MD
- Associate Professor, Division of General Internal Medicine
- Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics
- University of Pittsburgh
David Schiff, MD
- Professor of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, and Medicine
- University of Virginia School of Medicine
Peter A Selwyn, MD, MPH
- Professor and Chairman, Department of Family and Social Medicine
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Mehnaz A Shafi, MD
- Professor of Medicine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
- MD Anderson Cancer Center
Maria J Silveira, MD, MA, MPH
- Section Editor — Special Sites of Care and Allied Health Professions
- Clinician Scientist
- Ann Arbor VAMC
- Associate Professor of Internal Medicine
- University of Michigan
Alexander Smith, MD
- Associate Professor of Medicine
- University of California, San Francisco
E Alessandra Strada, PhD, MSCP
- Palliative Care and Integrative Medicine Consultant
- Adjunct Faculty, Postdoctoral Psychopharmacology Program, Alliant University, San Francisco
- Palliative Care and Integrative Medicine Consultant
- Santa Cruz, California
Rebecca L Sudore, MD
- Professor of Medicine,
- Division of Geriatrics,
- University of California, San Francisco
Lisa Thompson, DMD
- Clinical Instructor in Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine
Nathaniel S Treister, DMD, DMSc, DABOM
- Associate Professor of Oral Medicine
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine
- Division of Oral Medicine & Dentistry
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
James Tulsky, MD
- Professor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
Martha L Twaddle, MD, FACP, FAAHPM, HMDC
- Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Simone Veronese, MD, MSc, PhD
- Head of Research
- Palliative Care Department, Fondazione Faro
- Turin, Italy
Alessandro Villa, DDS, PhD, MPH
- Associate Professor in Oral Medicine
- University of California San Francisco
Charles von Gunten, MD, PhD
- Vice President, Medical Affairs, Hospice and Palliative Medicine
- OhioHealth, Columbus, OH
Anne M Walling, MD, PhD
- Assistant Professor
- University of California, Los Angeles
Jeremy D Walston, MD
- Raymond and Anna Lublin Professor of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Gerald L Weinhouse, MD
- Assistant Professor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
Neil Wenger, MD
- Professor of Medicine
- University of California, Los Angeles
Howard (Jack) West, MD
- Section Editor — Lung Cancer
- Associate Clinical Professor
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Duarte, CA
Douglas B White, MD, MAS
- Vice Chair and Professor of Critical Care Medicine; Director, Program on Ethics and Critical Care Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Brie Williams, MD, MS
- Professor, Division of Geriatrics at University of California, San Francisco
- Director, Amend at UCSF
Gary S Winzelberg, MD, MPH
- Associate Professor, Division of Geriatric Medicine
- University of North Carolina
Gordon J Wood, MD, MSCI, FAAPHM
- Associate Professor of Medicine and Medical Education
- Section of Palliative Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Daniel Dante Yeh, MD, MHPE
- Professor of Surgery
- University of Miami
- Ryder Trauma Center
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma
Sriram Yennurajalingam, MD
- Professor of Medicine, Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Houston
G Bryan Young, MD, FRCPC
- Professor of Neurology
- University of Western Ontario, Canada
Mark Yurkofsky, MD
- Assistant Professor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
Peer Reviewers
Claire Ankuda, MD, MPH
- Assistant Professor
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Craig D Blinderman, MD, MA
- Director, Adult Palliative Care Services
- Columbia University
Mary Buss, MD
- Assistant Professor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
Richard J Cohen, MD, FACP
- Clinical Professor of Medicine
- University of California, San Francisco
Andrew S Epstein, MD
- Assistant Attending
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Robert M Kotloff, MD
- Section Editor — Lung Transplantation
- Professor of Clinical Medicine
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
Matthew L Russell, MD, MSc
- Instructor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
Yael Schenker, MD
- Associate Professor, Division of General Internal Medicine
- Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics
- University of Pittsburgh
Christian T Sinclair, MD
- Associate Professor
- University of Kansas Medical Center
Alexander Smith, MD
- Associate Professor of Medicine
- University of California, San Francisco
Alessandro Villa, DDS, PhD, MPH
- Associate Professor in Oral Medicine
- University of California San Francisco