Editor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult); Hospital Medicine
Section Editor — General Medicine
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
责任主编
Jane Givens, MD, MSCE
Deputy Editor — Primary Care (Adult)
Lisa Kunins, MD
Deputy Editor — Primary Care (Adult)
Authors
Ava Garcia, BA
Content Editor — UpToDate
Authors
J Dawn Abbott, MD, FACC
Section Editor — Interventional Cardiology
Professor of Medicine
Brown Medical School
Sandra G Adams, MD, MS
Professor of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine
Evan Adelstein, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Department of Cardiology
Albany Medical College
Albany, NY
Nezam H Afdhal, MD, FRCPI
Chief of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Ebtesam Ahmed, PharmD, MS
Clinical Professor, St. John's University College of Pharmacy
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Innovative Institute for Palliative Care
Thomas Alexander, MD
Head, KMCH Heart Institute, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital
Gilman B Allen, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine, University of Vermont
Larry Allen, MD, MHS, FACC, FAHA, FHFSA
Professor of Medicine
Medical Director, Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Eric Alper, MD
Professor of Medicine (Clinical)
Alpert Medical School at Brown University
Joseph S Alpert, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Arizona Health Sciences Center
Deverick J Anderson, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Mark P Androes, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery
University of South Carolina School of Medicine
Michael Apicella, MD
Emeritus Professor of Microbiology and Internal Medicine
The University of Iowa
Gerald B Appel, MD
Section Editor — Glomerular Diseases
Professor of Medicine
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Sary Aranki, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery
Harvard Medical School
Steven M Archer, MD
Professor
University of Michigan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
Donald M Arnold, MD, MSc
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine
McMaster University
Canadian Blood Services
Robert M Arnold, MD
Editor-in-Chief — Palliative Care
Section Editor — General Principles of Palliative Care
Chief, Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Rishi Arora, MD
Professor of Medicine
Cardiac Electrophysiology
Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine
Vineet Arora, MD, MAPP
Professor of Medicine
University of Chicago
Riccardo Asero, MD
Head Ambulatorio di Allergologia
Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano (MI), Italy
Professore a Contratto, University of Milan
Reza Askari, MD, FACS
Instructor in Surgery
Harvard Medical School
Associate Trauma Director
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Dennis Auckley, MD
Professor of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University (MetroHealth Medical Center)
Michael Auerbach, MD, FACP
Clinical Professor of Medicine
Georgetown University School of Medicine
Phyllis August, MD, MPH
Ralph A Baer, MD Professor of Research in Medicine
Director, Hypertension Center
Division of Nephrology & Hypertension
Weill Cornell Medical College
John S Axford, DSc, MD, FRCP, FRCPCH
Section Editor — Scleroderma
Emeritus Professor of Rheumatology
St George's University of London
Larry M Baddour, MD, FIDSA, FAHA
Professor Emeritus of Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Jasmohan S Bajaj, MD
Professor of Medicine
Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center
Johan S Bakken, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, School of Medicine
University of Minnesota, Duluth
George L Bakris, MD
Editor-in-Chief — Nephrology
Section Editor — Hypertension
Professor of Medicine
The University of Chicago
Mark Ballow, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
All Children's Hospital
University of South Florida School of Medicine
Vanessa A Barss, MD, FACOG
Senior Deputy Editor — UpToDate
Deputy Editor — Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health
Associate Clinical Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
Harvard Medical School
Jan Basile, MD
Professor of Medicine
Medical University of South Carolina
Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Kenneth A Bauer, MD
Section Editor — Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Michael A Belfort, MBBCH, MD, PhD, D.A. (SA), FRCSC, FRCOG, FACOG
Ernst W. Bertner Chairman and Professor
FB McGuyer Family Endowed Chair in Fetal Surgery
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Professor
Department of Surgery
Department of Anesthesiology
Department of Neurosurgery
Baylor College of Medicine
Obstetrician and Gynecologist-in-Chief
Texas Children's Hospital
Medical Director
Texas Children's Fetal Center
Texas Children's Pavilion for Women
Rodney D Bell, MD
Professor of Neurology
Sidney Kimmel Medical College
Cassandra Bellamy, PharmD, BCPS
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Medical Intensive Care Unit
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
David Benditt, MD
Professor of Medicine
Director, Cardiac Arrhythmia Center
University of Minnesota Medical School
James R Berenson, MD
Medical and Scientific Director
Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research
Dan Berlowitz, MD, MPH
Professor
University of Massachusetts-Lowell Department of Public Health
Shamik Bhattacharyya, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Harvard Medical School
Daniel G Bichet, MD
Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology
Universite de Montreal
John D Bisognano, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Cardiology
University of Michigan Medical Center
James H Black, III, MD
Chief of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Anthony Bleyer, MD, MS
Professor of Internal Medicine/Nephrology
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Michael J Bloch, MD, FACP, FASH, FSVM, FNLA
Associate Professor, University of Nevada School of Medicine
Medical Director, Vascular Care, Renown Regional Medical Center
Kimberly G Blumenthal, MD, MSc
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
S Allan Bock, MD
Research Affiliate, Department of Pediatrics
National Jewish Health
Clinical Professor Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics
Children's Hospital Colorado
Robert Bona, MD
Professor of Medicine (Hematology)
Yale University School of Medicine
David H Bor, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Liliana Bordeianou, MD, MPH
Professor of Surgery
Harvard Medical School
Barry A Borlaug, MD
Section Editor — Heart Failure
Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Susan E Boruchoff, MD
Professor of Medicine
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Kevin J Bozic, MD, MBA
Chair of the Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care
Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
The Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin
D Craig Brater, MD
Emeritus Dean
Indiana University School of Medicine
President
Regenstrief Foundation
President
Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine
Jeffrey A Breall, MD, PhD
Professor of Clinical Medicine
Indiana University School of Medicine
Robert A Brodsky, MD
Section Editor — Red Blood Cell Disorders
Professor of Medicine and Oncology
Johns Hopkins University
Robert D Brook, MD
Professor of Medicine
Wayne State University
Calvin A Brown, III, MD, FAAEM
Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Eduardo Bruera, MD
Section Editor — Non Pain Symptoms: Assessment and Management
Professor of Oncology
University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Houston
Christopher R Burke, MD
Assistant Professor of Cardiac Surgery
University of Washington
Allison E Burnett, PharmD, PhC, CACP
Antithrombosis Stewardship Pharmacist
University of New Mexico Hospital
Clinical Associate Professor
University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy
Arthur L Burnett, MD, MBA, FACS
Patrick C. Walsh Distinguished Professor of Urology, Cellular and Molecular Medicine
Johns Hopkins Medicine
Enrico Cagliero, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Michael S Calderwood, MD, MPH
Chief Quality Officer
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Associate Professor of Medicine
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
David J Callans, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Ronna L Campbell, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Louis R Caplan, MD
Professor of Neurology
Harvard Medical School
David Caro, MD
Program Director
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville
Jeffrey P Carpenter, MD
Professor and Chairman
Cooper Medical School of Rowan University
Joseph P Carrozza, MD
Vice President
Steward Cardiovascular Network
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Jeffrey L Carson, MD
Provost, New Brunswick Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers University
Richard C Reynolds Chair in General Internal Medicine
Distinguished Professor of Medicine
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
A Lee Cashman, RN, CWON
Wound and Ostomy Nurse
Baptist MD Anderson Cancer Center
Matthew A Cavender, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill
Mariam R Chacko, MD
Distinguished Professor Emeritus
Departments of Pediatrics/Adolescent Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology
Baylor College of Medicine
Elizabeth Chaitin, DHCE
Assistant Professor, Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics Services
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Julio A Chalela, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery
Medical University of South Carolina
Victor T Chang, MD
Professor of Medicine,
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School,
VA New Jersey Health Care System
Nelson J Chao, MD
Section Editor — Bone Marrow Transplantation
Professor of Medicine
Duke University School of Medicine
Horng H Chen, MD
Professor of Medicine
Mayo Medical School
Katherine T Chen, MD, MPH
Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science
Professor of Medical Education
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Hugo Quinny Cheng, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine
Division of Hospital Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Albert T Cheung, MD
Professor of Anesthesia
Stanford University School of Medicine
Sanjiv Chopra, MD, MACP
Editor-in-Chief — Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Section Editor — General Hepatology; Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Disease
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Senior Consultant in Hepatology
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Marshall Wolf Master Clinician Educator
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Tushar A Chopra, MD
Assistant Professor Of Medicine
University of Virginia Health System
Vineet Chopra, MD, MSc
Robert W. Schrier Chair of Medicine
Professor of Medicine
University of Colorado School of Medicine
April Christensen, MD, MS
Mayo Clinic
Vivian H Chu, MD, MHS
Associate Professor of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Thomas D Coates, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Pathology
University of Southern California School of Medicine
Steven L Cohn, MD, MACP, SFHM
Professor Emeritus
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Wilson S Colucci, MD
Section Editor — Heart Failure
Professor of Medicine
Boston University School of Medicine
Michelle V Conde, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine
University of Texas Health Science Center
San Antonio
Ramon Corbalan, MD
Professor of Medicine
Cardiovascular Division
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
Karen H Costenbader, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Gary M Cox, MD
Professor of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Kendall P Crookston, MD, PhD
Emeritus Professor of Pathology & Internal Medicine
University of New Mexico School of Medicine
Marianna Crowley, MD
Deputy Editor — Anesthesiology
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
Harvard Medical School
Mark Crowther, MD, MSc
Section Editor — Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Professor of Medicine and Pathology & Molecular Medicine
St Joseph’s Hospital and McMaster University
Adam Cuker, MD, MS
Associate Professor of Medicine, Associate Professor of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania
Donald Cutlip, MD
Section Editor — Interventional Cardiology
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Sonye K Danoff, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Matthew S Davenport, MD, FSAR, FSCBTMR
Associate Professor of Urology and Radiology
Director of Body MRI, Associate Chair for Quality
Michigan Radiology Quality Collaborative
University of Michigan Health System
Marc E De Broe, MD, PhD
Emeritus Professor of Medicine
University of Antwerp, Belgium
Adam de Havenon, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology
University of Utah
Michael R DeBaun, MD, MPH
Section Editor — Red Cell Disorders
Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Mark H DeLegge, MD, FACG, AGAF
Professor of Medicine
Medical University of South Carolina
Paul F Dellaripa, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Rony Dev, DO
Assistant Professor
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
PJ Devereaux, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
McMaster University
Richard A Deyo, MD, MPH
Professor Emeritus
Department of Family Medicine, Department of Medicine
Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Services, Oregon Health & Science University
Lara K Dhingra, PhD
Assistant Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Luigi Di Biase, MD, PhD, FHRS, FACC
Cardiologist, Electrophysiologist, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Montefiore Hospital, New York, Section Head Electrophysiology, Director of Arrhythmia Services
Senior Researcher, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St. David's Medical Center
H Erhan Dincer, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Minnesota
William P Docken, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Gary V Doern, MD
Emeritus Professor of Pathology
University of Iowa College of Medicine
Pamela S Douglas, MD
Ursula Geller Professor of Research in Cardiovascular Diseases
Duke University Medical Center
James D Douketis, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCP
Professor, Department of Medicine
McMaster University
Mark T Dransfield, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Reed E Drews, MD
Section Editor — Complications of Cancer
Associate Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Frank W Drislane, MD
Professor of Neurology
Harvard Medical School
Cynthia E Dunbar, MD
Chief, Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
Shannon M Dunlay, MD, MS
Associate Professor of Health Services Research and Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Kim A Eagle, MD, MACC
Albion Walter Hewlett Professor of Internal Medicine
University of Michigan
Brent M Egan, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville
VP Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Improving Health Outcomes, American Medical Association
Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine
American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
William J Elliott, MD, PhD
Section Editor — Hypertension
Professor of Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine and Pharmacology
Head, Division of Pharmacology
Chair, Department of Biomedical Sciences
Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA
David H Ellison, MD, FASN, FAHA
Professor of Medicine and Physiology & Pharmacology
Oregon Health & Science University
Michael Emmett, MD
Editor-in-Chief — Nephrology
Section Editor — Fluid and Electrolytes
Chief of Internal Medicine
Baylor University Medical Center
Bryant R England, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine
University of Nebraska Medical Center & Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System
Scott K Epstein, MD
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Uta Erdbruegger, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Virginia
Greg A Erens, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Emory University School of Medicine
Ronald M Fairman, MD
Professor of Surgery and Radiology
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Scott A Falk, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology and Critical Care
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
James C Fang, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Utah
Christopher H Fanta, MD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Harrison W Farber, MD
Professor of Medicine
Tufts Medical School
Jeanne Farnan, MD, MHPE
Professor of Medicine
University of Chicago
Pedram Fatehi, MD, MPH
Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine
David P Faxon, MD
Senior Lecturer
Harvard Medical School
Peter F Fedullo, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine
University of California San Diego Medical Center
Thomas Fekete, MD
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology
Temple University School of Medicine
Jordan J Feld, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Toronto
Peter Ferenci, MD
Professor of Medicine
Medical University of Vienna
Robert L Ferrer, MD, MPH
Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Joshua J Field, MD
Professor of Medicine
Medical College of Wisconsin
Thomas M File, Jr, MD
Section Editor — Pulmonary Infections
Professor of Medicine
Northeast Ohio Medical University
Michael J Fine, MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh and VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System
Scott A Fink, MD, MPH, FACP
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine
Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA
Jay A Fishman, MD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Director of Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program
Massachusetts General Hospital
Mary B Fishman, MD
Professor of Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Lee A Fleisher, MD
Robert D Dripps Professor and Chair of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Jessica Fleitman, MD
HVICU director, Penn Presbyterian Hospital
University of Pennsylvania (August 2020)
Christopher E Forsmark, MD
Professor of Medicine and Chief
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
University of Florida
Katherine Walker Foster, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine
Vance G Fowler, Jr, MD
Professor of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Joseph Francis, Jr, MD, MPH
Executive Director, Analytics and Performance Integration
Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC
Robert L Frank, MD, FACEP
Clinical Instructor in Emergency Medicine
Eastern Virginia School of Medicine
Steven D Freedman, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
W David Freeman, MD
Professor of Neurology
Mayo Clinic
Joy L Fridey, MD
Regional Medical Director
American Red Cross Blood Services, Southern California
Lawrence S Friedman, MD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School and Tufts University School of Medicine
The Anton R. Fried, MD, Chair, Department of Medicine
Newton-Wellesley Hospital
Assistant Chief of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
N Deborah Friedman, MPH, MBBS, FRACP, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Physician
Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
Scott L Friedman, MD
Fishberg Professor of Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Erik K Fromme, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Associate Physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Barry Fuchs, MD
Professor of Medicine
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Karen L Furie, MD, MPH
Chair and Professor of Neurology
Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Daniel E Furst, MD
Section Editor — Treatment Issues in Rheumatology
Clinical professor, University of Washington, Seattle
Clinical professor, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Professor of Rheumatology, University of California in Los Angeles (Emeritus)
Director of Research, Pacific Arthritis Associates
William H Gaasch, MD
Section Editor — Valvular Disease
Professor of Medicine
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Tufts University School of Medicine
Senior Consultant in Cardiology
Lahey Clinic
Angelo L Gaffo, MD, MsPH
Rheumatology Section Chief
Birmingham VA Medical Center
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology
University of Alabama at Birmingham
David F Gaieski, MD
Professor
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
Leonard I Ganz, MD, FHRS, FACC
Section Editor — Cardiac Arrhythmias
Director of Cardiac Electrophysiology
Heritage Valley Health System
Christopher Gappy, MD
Clinical Instructor
University of Michigan
David A Garcia, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Ann C Garlitski, MD, FACC, FHRS
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Peter C Gay, MD
Professor Of Medicine
Mayo Medical School
James N George, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Mark Gestring, MD
Professor of Surgery, Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics
University of Rochester School of Medicine
William A Ghali, MD, MPH
Professor
Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences
University of Calgary, Canada
C Michael Gibson, MS, MD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Ramyar Gilani, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery
Baylor College of Medicine
Jane Givens, MD, MSCE
Deputy Editor — Primary Care (Adult)
Michael M Givertz, MD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Eric Goldberg, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Ary L Goldberger, MD
Section Editor — Electrocardiography
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Zachary D Goldberger, MD, FACC, FHRS
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
Don L Goldenberg, MD
Section Editor — Pain Disorders in Rheumatology
Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine
Affiliate Instructor, Rheumatology Division, Oregon Health Science University
Affiliate Instructor, School of Nursing Oregon Health Sciences University
Thomas A Golper, MD
Section Editor — Dialysis
Professor of Medicine
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
David Goltzman, MD
Professor of Medicine
McGill University
Senior Physician, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Medicine
McGill University Health Centre
Adam J Gordon, MD, MPH, FACP, FASAM
Professor of Medicine and Psychiatry
University of Utah School of Medicine
David A Gorelick, MD, PhD
Professor of Psychiatry
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Carmen Gota, MD
Orthopedic and Rheumatologic Institute at Cleveland Clinic
Center for Vasculitis Care and Research at Cleveland Clinic
Christopher B Granger, MD
Professor of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Jeffrey Greenwald, MD
Massachusetts General Hospital, Core Educator Faculty, Department of Medicine
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Michael A Gropper, MD, PhD
Professor and Chair
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care
University of California, San Francisco
Peter Grubel, MD
MercyOne Medical Center, Gastroenterology
Des Moines, Iowa
Moises Guelrud, MD
Jackson Memorial Hospital
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Aditi Gupta, MD
Associate Professor
University of Kansas Medical Center
Amir Haghighat, MD, FACC
Medical Director, Cardiac Catheterization Lab
Bay Medical Center, Panama City, Florida
Robert G Hamilton, PhD, DABMLI, FAAAAI
Professor of Medicine and Pathology
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Amir H Hamrahian, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Johns Hopkins University
MeiLan King Han, MD, MS
Section Editor for UpToDate Pathways and Clinical Effectiveness — COPD
Professor
University of Michigan Medical Center
Jane S Hankins, MD, MS
Member
Department of Hematology
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Anthony Harris, MD, MPH
Section Editor — Hospital Acquired Infections
Professor of Medicine
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Ian Harris, AM, MBBS, MMed(Clin Epi), PhD
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney
Professor, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
Director, Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research
Rodrigo Hasbun, MD, MPH, FIDSA
Professor of Medicine
UTHealth, McGovern Medical School
Kohei Hasegawa, MD, MPH
Associate Professor
Harvard Medical School
Howard W Hauptman, MD
Chief of Rheumatology
Greater Baltimore Medical Center
Curtis W Hayes, MD
Professor of Radiology
Virginia Commonwealth University
Alan C Heffner, MD
Director of Critical Care
Director of ECMO Services
Pulmonary and Critical Care Consultants
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Emergency Medicine
Carolinas Medical Center
Clinical Professor
Atrium Health and University of North Carolina School of Medicine
John E Heffner, MD
Professor of Medicine
Oregon Health & Science University
Providence Portland Medical Center
E Kevin Heist, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Simon M Helfgott, MD
Section Editor — General Rheumatology and Related Topics
Associate Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Michael A Heneghan, MD, MMedSc, FRCPI
Consultant Hepatologist & Professor of Hepatology
Clinical Director for Liver Services
Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital
Charles A Herzog, MD
Professor of Medicine
Hennepin County Medical Center/University of Minnesota
Paul J Hesketh, MD
Section Editor — Supportive Care
Director, Lahey Health Cancer Institute
Director, Thoracic Oncology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center
Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine
Dean Hess, RRT, PhD
Lecturer
Northeastern University
Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital
John R Hess, MD, MPH
Professor
University of Washington School of Medicine
Daren K Heyland, MD, FRCPC, MSc
Professor of Medicine
Queen's University, Ontario, Canada
Jorge Hidalgo, MD
Professor of Critical Care; Chief, Divison of Critical Care
Karl Heusner Memorial Hospital/Belize Healthcare Partners
Irl B Hirsch, MD
Section Editor — Diabetes Mellitus
Professor of Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Vanessa P Ho, MD, MPH, FACS
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Assistant Professor of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences
MetroHealth Medical Center
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Robert S Hoffman, MD
Professor of Emergency Medicine
Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine
New York University Grossman School of Medicine
Brian D Hoit, MD
Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics
Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland
Thomas L Holland, MD
Associate Professor
Duke University Medical Center
David R Holmes, Jr, MD
Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Stephen R Holt, MD, MS, FACP
Associate Professor of Medicine
Yale School of Medicine
Munther K Homoud, MD
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Ewout J Hoorn, MD, PhD
Professor of Nephrology
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
W Keith Hoots, MD
Director, Division of Blood Diseases and Resources
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Mara J Horwitz, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh
Chi-yuan Hsu, MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Menno V Huisman, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine at the Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Russell D Hull, MBBS, MSc
Professor of Medicine
University of Calgary, Canada
Robert C Hyzy, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Michigan Medical Center
Massimo Imazio, MD, FESC
Contract Professor of Cardiology
Head of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", ASUFC, Udine, Italy
David H Ingbar, MD
Professor of Medicine, Physiology, and Pediatrics
University of Minnesota School of Medicine
Lesley A Inker, MD, MS
Associate Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Silvio E Inzucchi, MD
Professor of Medicine
Yale University School of Medicine
Richard S Irwin, MD
Professor of Medicine
UMass Chan Medical School
Koto Ishida, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology
NYU Medical Center
Bertrand L Jaber, MD, MS, FASN
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Vicki A Jackson, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Brian P Jacob, MD
Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery
Mount Sinai Medical Center
Allan S Jaffe, MD
Section Editor — Coronary Heart Disease
Professor of Medicine
Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
Mayo Medical School
Andy Jagoda, MD
Professor and Chair Emeritus, Department of Emergency Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Aminah Jatoi, MD
Betty J Foust and Parents' Professor of Oncology
Mayo Medical School
Christina L Jeng, MD
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Orthopaedics
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Shijing Jia, MD
Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
University of Michigan
Jeffrey Jim, MD, MPHS, FACS
Chair, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Douglas C Johnson, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Kimberly S Johnson, MD
Professor
Division of Geriatric Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Martin F Joyce-Brady, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, The Pulmonary Center
Boston University School of Medicine
Christopher Kabrhel, MD, MPH
Professor of Emergency Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Jörg C Kalff, MD
Professor of Surgery
University Medical Center, Bonn
Andre A Kaplan, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Connecticut Health Center
Steven Karceski, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Weill Cornell Medical College
Stacey M Kassutto, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Carol A Kauffman, MD
Editor-in-Chief — Infectious Diseases
Section Editor — Fungal Infections
Professor of Internal Medicine
University of Michigan Medical School
David A Kaufman, MD
Associate Professor
NYU School of Medicine
Keith Kaye, MD, MPH
Chief, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases
Professor of Medicine
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Electron Kebebew, MD, FACS
Professor of Surgery
Chief, Division of General Surgery
Harry A. Oberhelman, Jr. and Mark L. Welton Professor
Program Leader, Endocrine Oncology Program
Stanford Cancer Center
Yair Y Keilson, MD
Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine
Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine
Mark A Kelley, MD, MACP
Visiting Scholar, Harvard Business School
Physician, Pulmonary-Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital
Ciarán P Kelly, MD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
John M Kelso, MD
Section Editor – Anaphylaxis
Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology
Scripps Clinic, San Diego, CA
Harold L Kennedy, MD, MPH
Adjunctive Professor of Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases
University of Missouri School of Medicine
Nadia A Khan, MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine
University of British Columbia, Canada
Charlie C Kilpatrick, MD
Associate Professor, Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Baylor College of Medicine
Allison King, MD, MPH, PhD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology
Washington University School of Medicine
Talmadge E King, Jr, MD
Editor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Section Editor — Interstitial Lung Disease
Dean, School of Medicine
Vice Chancellor, Medical Affairs
University of California San Francisco
Steven Kleinman, MD
Section Editor — Transfusion Medicine
Clinical Professor of Pathology
University of British Columbia, Vancouver
Elizabeth S Klings, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Boston University School of Medicine
Michael Klompas, MD, MPH
Professor of Population Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Bradley P Knight, MD, FACC
Section Editor — Cardiac Arrhythmias
Professor of Medicine
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
Christopher L Knight, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Washington
Marin H Kollef, MD
Professor of Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine
Kris V Kowdley, MD, FAASLD, FACP, FACG, FASGE, AGAF
Director, Liver Institute Northwest
Clinical Professor of Medicine,
Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine,
Washington State University
Kapil Kumar, MD
Clinical Instructor in Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Lisa Kunins, MD
Deputy Editor — Primary Care (Adult)
Preeta K Kutty, MD, MPH
Medical Epidemiologist
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
André Lacroix, MD
Section Editor — Adrenal Disease
Professor of Medicine
University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Ruth L Lagman, MD, MPH, FACP, FAAHPM
The Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine and Supportive Oncology
Taussig Cancer Institute
Cleveland Clinic
Yan Lai, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center
J Thomas Lamont, MD
Editor-in-Chief — Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Section Editor — Anorectal Disorders and Misc. Lower GI Disease; Nutrition, Malabsorption, and Misc. Upper GI Disease
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Ron G Landmann, MD
Chief, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery
Baptist MD Anderson Cancer Center
Erik G Laurin, MD, FAAEM
Professor of Emergency Medicine
University of California, Davis, Medical Center
Dennis K Ledford, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics
University of South Florida
Eudocia Quant Lee, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Harvard Medical School
Richard E Leiter, MD, MA
Attending Physician
Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Instructor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Robert F Lemanske, Jr, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health at Madison, WI
Lawrence LK Leung, MD
Editor-in-Chief — Hematology
Section Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and Coagulation
Maureen Lyles D'Ambrogio Professor of Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine
Thomas Levin, MD
Advocate Heart Institute
Advocate Medical Group
Oak Lawn, Illinois
Jerrold H Levy, MD, FAHA, FCCM
Professor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, Surgery (Cardiothoracic)
Duke University Hospital
Martin M LeWinter, MD
Section Editor — Myopericardial Disease
Professor of Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
University of Vermont
Orfeas Liangos, MD, FASN
Adjunct Assistant Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Katherine P Liao, MD, MPH
Associate Professor
Harvard Medical School
A Michael Lincoff, MD
Director, Center for Clinical Research
Professor of Medicine
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
Gregory YH Lip, MD, FRCPE, FESC, FACC
Price-Evans Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
Distinguished Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
Adjunct Professor, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
Adjunct Professor, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
Gregg Lipschik, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Babak Litkouhi, MD
Assistant Professor
Stanford School of Medicine
George F Longstreth, MD
Voluntary Clinical Professor of Medicine
University of California San Diego School of Medicine
Charles L Loprinzi, MD
Regis Professor of Breast Cancer Research
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Franklin D Lowy, MD
Section Editor — Bacterial Infections
Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Pathology & Cell Biology
Columbia University
Qun Lu, MD
Consultant
Mayo Clinic Hospital Arizona
Beatrice Lupsa, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Yale University School of Medicine
Alice Ma, MD, FACP
Professor of Medicine
The Medical Alumni Loyalty Fund Distinguished Teaching Professor
University of North Carolina
Graeme MacLaren, MBBS, MSc, FRACP, FCICM
Critical care physician
National University Hospital, Singapore
Tessa Madden, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine
Christopher Madias, MD
Assistant Professor
Tufts University School of Medicine
J Mark Madison, MD
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology and Physiological Systems
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Atul Malhotra, MD
Peter C Farrell Professor, Department of Medicine
University of California, San Diego
Rajeev Malhotra, MD, MS
Associate Director
Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital
Jess Mandel, MD
Section Editor — Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Kenneth M. Moser Professor of Medicine
Chief, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Vice-Chair for Education, Department of Internal Medicine
UC San Diego School of Medicine
William J Mann, Jr, MD
Section Editor — Gynecologic Surgery
Clinical Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
Warren J Manning, MD
Section Editor — Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging and Stress Testing
Professor of Medicine and Radiology
Harvard Medical School
Michael K Mansour, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital
Ellen F Manzullo, MD, FACP
Professor of Medicine
Department of General Internal Medicine
University of Texas
MD Anderson Cancer Center
Dror Marchaim, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine
Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University
Director of Infection Control and Prevention Unit
Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center
Edward R Mariano, MD, MAS
Professor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine
Joseph E Marine, MD, FACC, FHRS
Associate Professor of Medicine
Vice-Director, Division of Cardiology
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Gregory M Martin, MD
Medical Director, Orthopedic Institute at JFK Medical Center
Preferred Orthopedics of the Palm Beaches
Niels Martin, MD, FACS, FCCM
Associate Professor of Surgery
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Ronald F Martin, MD
Clinical Adjunct Professor Emeritus in Surgery
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
Fernando J Martinez, MD, MS
Bruce Webster Professor of Medicine
Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
Melissa Mattison, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Paul Mayo, MD
Professor of Clinical Medicine
Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine
Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
John R McConaghy, MD, CPE, FAAFP
Professor, Family Medicine
Vice Chair, Quality
Associate Director, Family Medicine Residency
Rardin Family Practice
Elizabeth McCormick, MD
Director of Home-Based Medical Care
Cityblock Health
L Clifford McDonald, MD
Associate Director for Science
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Michael L McGarvey, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Stuart McGrane, MBChB
Anesthesiologist, Cardiovascular Anesthesiology
St. Thomas West, Nashville
Jakob I McSparron, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Associate Director, Critical Care Medicine Unit
Program Director, Fellowship in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
University of Michigan
Robert T Means, Jr, MD, MACP
Section Editor — Red Cell Disorders
Professor of Internal Medicine
James H Quillen College of Medicine
East Tennessee State University
Ankit Mehta, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Dallas
Associate Program Director, Internal Medicine Residency, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas
Zankhana Mehta, MD
Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine
Geisinger Medical Center
Diane E Meier, MD, FACP
Director, Center to Advance Palliative Care
Director, Hertzberg Palliative Care Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Professor, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Peter A Merkel, MD, MPH
Section Editor — Vasculitis
Chief, Division of Rheumatology
University of Pennsylvania
Geno J Merli, MD, MACP, FHM, FSVM
Professor of Medicine & Surgery
Sidney Kimmel Medical College
Joseph F Merola, MD, MMSc, FAAD, FACR
Associate Professor, Departments of Dermatology and Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Fremonta L Meyer, MD
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry
Harvard Medical School
Theo E Meyer, MD, PhD
Section Editor — Heart Failure
Professor of Medicine
Interim Chief, Cardiology
University of Massachusetts Medical School
UMass Memorial Medical Center
Mark E Mikkelsen, MD, MSCE
Associate Professor
Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care
Associate Chief Medical Officer, Critical Care
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Stacey Milan, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Texas A&M Health Sciences Center
Baylor Scott and White Health (Temple, TX)
Chadwick Miller, MD, MS
Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine
Wake Forest School of Medicine
Marc L Miller, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Omar A Minai, MD
Clinical Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine
Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine
Dana Miskulin, MD
Associate Professor
Tufts University School of Medicine
Marc E Mitchell, MD
Professor of Surgery
University of Mississippi School of Medicine
Manoj K Mittal, MD, ML, MRCP (UK)
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Bruce A Molitoris, MD
Professor of Medicine
Indiana University School of Medicine
Gregory P Moore, MD, JD
Consultant Emergency Medicine Residency
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Consultant Emergency Department
Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
R Sean Morrison, MD
Section Editor — Selected End Stage Conditions
Hermann Merkin Professor of Palliative Care
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
David A Morrow, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
David B Mount, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Associate/Clinical Chief, Renal Division
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Renal Division, VA Boston
Michael T Mullen, MD
Associate Professor
Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University
Visala Muluk, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh
Timothy F Murphy, MD
SUNY Distinguished Professor
University at Buffalo, State University of New York
Gerald V Naccarelli, MD
Professor of Medicine
Penn State University College of Medicine
Govind Nandakumar, MD, FACS, FASCRS
Chief of Gastrointestinal Surgery & GI Oncosurgery
Columbia Asia Hospitals Bangalore
Courtesy Faculty, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
Robert S Negrin, MD
Section Editor — Bone Marrow Transplantation
Professor of Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine
Richard W Nesto, MD
Chief Medical Officer
Beth Israel Lahey Health
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Remi Neviere, MD
Professor
University Hospital CHU of Martinique
Lynnette K Nieman, MD
Section Editor — Adrenal Disease
Senior Investigator
Bethesda, MD
Errol R Norwitz, MD, PhD, MBA
Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine
President/CEO, Newton-Wellesley Hospital
Imre Noth, MD
Professor of Medicine Chief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Liza C O'Dowd, MD
Adjunct Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Tomasz R Okon, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Mark D Okusa, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Virginia Health System
Jamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MS, PhD
Jamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MSc, PhD
Professor of Neurosciences
Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
Brian Olshansky, MD
Section Editor — Cardiac Arrhythmias
Adjunct Professor of Medicine
Des Moines University
Timothy S Olson, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center
Medical Director, Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program
Divisions of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania
Terrence A O'Malley, MD
Mass General Hospital Department of Medicine
Instructor, Harvard Medical School
W Charles O'Neill, MD
Professor of Medicine
Emory University School of Medicine
Steven Orebaugh, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Thomas L Ortel, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine & Pathology
Hemostasis & Thrombosis Center, Duke University
Menaka Pai, MD, FRCPC
Associate Professor, Hematology and Thromboembolism
McMaster University
Rekha Pai Mangalore, MBBS, FRACP, MPH, DTM&H
Infectious Diseases Specialist
Alfred Health, Melbourne
Paul M Palevsky, MD
Section Editor — Acute Kidney Injury
Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System
Biff F Palmer, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Pratik Pandharipande, MD, MSCI
Professor of Anesthesiology and Surgery
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Joong Shin Park, MD, PhD
Professor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
William H Parker, MD
Clinical Professor
Ob Gyn and Reproductive Sciences
UC San Diego School of Medicine
Rod Passman, MD, MSCE
Professor of Medicine
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Mark S Pasternack, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Harvard Medical School
Gregory Pearl, MD
Professor of Surgery
Texas A&M Health Sciences Center
Chief, Division of Vascular Surgery
Baylor University Medical Center
Jeffrey F Peipert, MD, PhD
Clarence E. Ehrlich Professor and Chair
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Indiana University School of Medicine
John H Pemberton, MD
Professor of Surgery
Mayo Clinic and Mayo Medical School
Constantino Pena, MD
Medical Director of Vascular Imaging
Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute
Robert M Penner, BSc, MD, FRCPC, MSc
Assistant Clinical Professor
University of British Columbia
Ronald D Perrone, MD
Section Editor — Cystic Disease
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
James A Pfaff, MD, FACEP, FAAEM
San Antonio Uniformed Service Health Education Consortium
Emergency Medicine Residency
Joint Base San Antonio, TX
Robert Phang, MD, FACC, FHRS
Electrophysiologist
Albany Associates in Cardiology
Werner J Pichler, MD
Professor of Clinical Immunology (Emeritus)
University of Bern, Switzerland
Duane S Pinto, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Philip J Podrid, MD, FACC
Professor of Medicine, Professor of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Boston University School of Medicine
Lecturer, Harvard Medical School
Steven M Pogwizd, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Russell K Portenoy, MD
Chief Medical Officer
MJHS Hospice and Palliative Care
Professor of Neurology and Family and Social Medicine
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Charles N Pozner, MD
Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Manuel Praga, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine
Complutense University, Madrid
Josef T Prchal, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Utah
Jordan M Prutkin, MD, MHS, FHRS
Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Section
University of Washington
Alejandro A Rabinstein, MD
Section Editor — Neurointensive
Professor of Neurology
Mayo Clinic
Dmitry J Rabkin, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Harvard Medical School
Division of Angiography and Interventional Radiology
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Jai Radhakrishnan, MD, MS
Professor of Medicine
Columbia University Medical Center
Hershel Raff, PhD
Professor of Medicine
Medical College of Wisconsin and the AdvocateAurora Research Institute
Andrei Rebarber, MD
Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
President, Carnegie Imaging for Women, PLLC
President, Maternal Fetal Medicine Assoc, PLLC
Guy S Reeder, MD
Section Editor — Coronary Disease
Professor of Medicine
Mayo Medical School
John P Reilly, MD, MSCE
Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine
Alex Reyentovich, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
NYU Langone School of Medicine
Chanu Rhee, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Population Medicine
Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute
Anne Roberts, MD
Professor of Radiology
UCSD Medical School
W Neal Roberts, Jr, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Kentucky
Don C Rockey, MD
Chairman, Department of Medicine
Medical University of South Carolina
Sanziana Roman, MD, FACS
Professor of Surgery
University of California, San Francisco
Kathleen S Romanowski, MD, FACS
Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery
University of California
Davis and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California
Harvey K Rosenbaum, MD
Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Member, MHAUS Professional Advisory Council
Henry Rosenberg, MD
President, Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States
Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology
Rutgers/NJ Medical School, University Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Meg A Rosenblatt, MD
Professor of Anesthesiology and Orthopaedics
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Robert S Rosenson, MD
Section Editor — Lipids
Professor of Medicine
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Director, Cardiometabolic Disorders
Mount Sinai Heart
Mitchell H Rosner, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Virginia Health System
Douglas S Ross, MD
Section Editor — Thyroid Disease
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Jonathan Ross, MD
Professor of Sexual Health and HIV
Department of Sexual Health and HIV
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Natalia S Rost, MD, MPH
Professor of Neurology
Harvard Medical School
Jayanta Roy-Chowdhury, MD, MRCP, AGAF, FAASLD
Professor of Medicine and Genetics
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Namita Roy-Chowdhury, PhD, FAASLD
Professor of Medicine and Genetics
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Jonah N Rubin, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Loyola University Medical Center
Michael R Rudnick, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Bruce A Runyon, MD, FAASLD
Section Editor — Cirrhosis and Its Complications
Special Hepatology Consultant to the Indian Health Service
Northern Navajo Medical Center, Shiprock, New Mexico
Andrea M Russo, MD, FACC, FHRS
Professor of Medicine
Cooper Medical School of Rowan University
Kenneth G Saag, MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Samir Saba, MD
Chief of Cardiology
Co-Director, Heart and Vascular Institute
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Sunil K Sahai, MD, FAAP, FACP
Professor and Division Chief, General Medicine
The University of Texas Medical Branch
John C Sakles, MD
Professor of Emergency Medicine
University of Arizona College of Medicine
John R Saltzman, MD, FACP, FACG, FASGE, AGAF
Section Editor — Therapeutic and Diagnostic Endoscopy
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Arun J Sanyal, MD
Professor of Medicine
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
Nikolaus Sarafoff, MD
Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität
Munich, Germany
Babak Sarani, MD, FACS, FCCM
Professor of Surgery and Emergency Medicine
Director, Center for Trauma and Critical Care
George Washington University
William H Sauer, MD
Director, Cardiac Electrophysiology
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Richard H Savel, MD, FCCM
Professor of Clinical Medicine
SUNY Downstate College of Medicine
Anthony J Schaeffer, MD
Herman L Kretschmer Professor
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Eric Schauberger, DO, PhD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology
University of Wisconsin - Madison
Gregory A Schmidt, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine
University of Iowa
Lawrence B Schwartz, MD
Charles and Evelyn Thomas Professor of Medicine
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richard M Schwartzstein, MD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
David Seres, MD
Section Editor — Nutrition
Director of Medical Nutrition
Professor of Medicine in the Institute for Human Nutrition
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
Sanjay Sethi, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division Chief, Pulmonary/Critical Care/Sleep Medicine
University at Buffalo, State University of New York
Kevin A Sevarino, MD, PhD
Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry
Yale University School of Medicine
Daniel J Sexton, MD
Editor-in-Chief — Infectious Diseases
Section Editor — Bacterial Infections
Professor of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Elizabeth Shane, MD
Professor of Medicine
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Oz M Shapira, MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
The Hebrew University, Israel
Amy D Shapiro, MD
Medical Director, Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center
Adjunct Senior Investigator, Clinical Track
Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin (Milwaukee)
Nadine Shehata, MD, MSc, FRCPC
Professor of Medicine
Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
Division of Hematology
University of Toronto
Baha M Sibai, MD
Professor, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
The University of Texas Medical School at Houston
Mark D Siegel, MD
Professor of Medicine
Yale University School of Medicine
Reed Siemieniuk, MD
General internist and Health research methodologist
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University
Shonni J Silverberg, MD
Professor of Medicine
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Arthur J Silvergleid, MD
Section Editor — Transfusion Medicine
Affiliate Associate Professor, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology
University of South Florida, College of Medicine
Medical Director, OneBlood, Inc
Michael Simons, MD
Robert W Berliner Professor of Medicine
Yale University School of Medicine
Albert L Siu, MD, MSPH
Professor
Department of Geriatrics and Pallative Medicine
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Arthur S Slutsky, MD
Professor of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Engineering
University of Toronto School of Medicine
Gerald W Smetana, MD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Douglas Smink, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Surgery
Harvard Medical School
James V Snyder, MD
Professor Emeritus, Department of Critical Care Medicine
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Peter J Snyder, MD
Editor-in-Chief — Endocrinology
Section Editor — Pituitary Disease; Male Reproductive Endocrinology
Professor of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Roland Solensky, MD
Lecturer
Oregon State University/Oregon Health and Science University College of Pharmacy
Prem Soman, MD, PhD, FACC, FRCP (UK)
Associate Professor of Medicine, and Clinical and Translational Science
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Paul Sorajja, MD
Director, Center for Valve and Structural Heart Disease
Minneapolis Heart Institute
David I Soybel, MD
Editor-in-Chief — General Surgery
Section Editor — Upper GI Surgery
Professor of Surgery
Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine
Denis Spelman, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA, MPH
Section Editor — Bacterial Infections
Adjunct Professor
Monash University
David Spragg, MD, FHRS
Associate Professor of Medicine
Johns Hopkins Hospital and Bayview Medical Center
Thomas O Staiger, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Renee D Stapleton, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine
University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine
Paul Stark, MD
Professor of Radiology
University of California San Diego
Mark M Stecker, MD, PhD, FAAN, FACNS, FASNM
President
Fresno Institute of Neuroscience
Martin H Steinberg, MD
Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Boston University School of Medicine
Richard H Sterns, MD
Editor-in-Chief — Nephrology
Section Editor — Fluid and Electrolytes
Professor Emeritus
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
