麻醉学

主编


Roberta Hines, MD

  • Editor-in-Chief — Anesthesiology
  • Section Editor — Anesthesia with Comorbid Cardiovascular/Pulmonary Conditions
  • Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology
  • Yale School of Medicine

Stephanie B Jones, MD

  • Editor-in-Chief — Anesthesiology
  • Section Editor — Anesthesia with Comorbid Non-Cardiopulmonary Conditions
  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Albany Medical College

Lena S Sun, MD

  • Editor-in-Chief — Anesthesiology
  • Section Editor — Pediatric/Neonatal Anesthesia
  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics
  • Columbia University Medical Center

Deputy Editors

Marianna Crowley, MD

  • Deputy Editor — Anesthesiology
  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Harvard Medical School

Nancy A Nussmeier, MD, FAHA

  • Deputy Editor — Anesthesiology
  • Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
  • Massachusetts General Hospital

Section Editors

Andrew Davidson, MD

  • Section Editor — Pediatric/Neonatal Anesthesia
  • Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics
  • The University of Melbourne

Scott Fishman, MD

  • Section Editor — Acute and Chronic Pain
  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
  • University of California, Davis School of Medicine

Carin A Hagberg, MD, FASA

  • Section Editor — Airway Management
  • Chief Academic Officer
  • Bud Johnson Clinical Distinguished Chair
  • Division Head of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine
  • The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

David L Hepner, MD

  • Section Editor — Obstetric Anesthesia
  • Associate Professor of Anaesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Roberta Hines, MD

  • Editor-in-Chief — Anesthesiology
  • Section Editor — Anesthesia with Comorbid Cardiovascular/Pulmonary Conditions
  • Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology
  • Yale School of Medicine

Natalie F Holt, MD, MPH

  • Section Editor — Preoperative and Postoperative Evaluation and Management
  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Yale School of Medicine

Stephanie B Jones, MD

  • Editor-in-Chief — Anesthesiology
  • Section Editor — Anesthesia with Comorbid Non-Cardiopulmonary Conditions
  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Albany Medical College

Girish P Joshi, MB, BS, MD, FFARCSI

  • Section Editor — Fundamentals of Anesthesia
  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Management
  • University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas

Robert Maniker, MD

  • Section Editor — Regional Anesthesia
  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

Jonathan B Mark, MD

  • Section Editor — Cardiac Anesthesia
  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Duke University Medical Center
  • Anesthesiology Service
  • Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Michael F O'Connor, MD, FCCM

  • Section Editor — Surgical Critical Care
  • Professor, Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care
  • University of Chicago

Jeffrey J Pasternak, MD

  • Section Editor — Neurosurgical Anesthesia
  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Mayo Medical School

Peter D Slinger, MD, FRCPC

  • Section Editor — Thoracic/Vascular Anesthesia
  • Professor of Anesthesia
  • Toronto General Hospital

Lena S Sun, MD

  • Editor-in-Chief — Anesthesiology
  • Section Editor — Pediatric/Neonatal Anesthesia
  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics
  • Columbia University Medical Center

Joyce A Wahr, MD, FAHA

  • Section Editor — Patient Safety and Offsite Anesthetic Locations
  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Minnesota Health Sciences

Editorial Assistants

Kathryn O'Brien, BA

  • Editorial Assistant — UpToDate

Authors

J Dawn Abbott, MD, FACC

  • Section Editor — Interventional Cardiology
  • Professor of Medicine
  • Brown Medical School

Arnoley S Abcejo, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
  • Mayo Clinic, Rochester

Basem Abdelmalak, MD, FASA, SAMBA-F

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Cleveland Clinic

Salahadin Abdi, MD, PhD

  • Professor [Tenured] and Chair, Department of Pain Medicine
  • Helen Buchanan & Stanley Joseph Seeger Endowed Research Professor
  • The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center

Gillian Abir, MBChB, FRCA

  • Clinical Associate Professor
  • Stanford University School of Medicine

Gary M Abrams, MD

  • Professor of Neurology
  • University of California, San Francisco

Aalok V Agarwala, MD, MBA

  • Assistant Professor
  • Harvard Medical School

Ebtesam Ahmed, PharmD, MS

  • Clinical Professor, St. John's University College of Pharmacy
  • Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Innovative Institute for Palliative Care

Shamsuddin Akhtar, MD

  • Associate Professor
  • Yale School of Medicine

John C Alexander, MD, MBA

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Management
  • University of Texas Southwestern

Paul H Alfille, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Harvard Medical School

Brian F S Allen, MD

  • Assistant Professor
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, MD

  • Professor
  • University of Illinois at Chicago

Adam W Amundson, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Mayo Clinical College of Medicine

Kanwaljeet JS Anand, MBBS, DPhil, FAAP, FCCM, FRCPCH

  • Professor of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine
  • Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
  • Department of Pediatrics
  • Stanford University School of Medicine

Cande V Ananth, PhD, MPH

  • Professor and Vice Chair for Academic Affairs
  • Chief, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
  • Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
  • Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, NJ

Katherine W Arendt, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Mayo Clinic

Carlos Artime, MD

  • Professor
  • Clinical Executive Vice Chair
  • Vice Chair of Finance and Operations
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

John Augoustides, MD, FASE, FAHA

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
  • University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Phyllis August, MD, MPH

  • Ralph A Baer, MD Professor of Research in Medicine
  • Director, Hypertension Center
  • Division of Nephrology & Hypertension
  • Weill Cornell Medical College

John S Axford, DSc, MD, FRCP, FRCPCH

  • Section Editor — Scleroderma
  • Emeritus Professor of Rheumatology
  • St George's University of London

Omaira Azizad, MD

  • Assistant Professor
  • Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management
  • University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Ruben J Azocar, MD, MHCM, FASA, FCCM

  • Professor and Chair
  • Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
  • Tufts Medical Center & Tufts University School of Medicine

Marie R Baldisseri, MD, FCCM

  • Professor of Critical Care Medicine
  • University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Vikram Bansal, MD

  • Assistant Professor
  • Vanderbilt University Medical Center
  • Department of Anesthesiology

Atilio Barbeito, MD, MPH

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Duke University Medical Center
  • Chief, Anesthesiology Service
  • Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Sheila Barnett, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Brian T Bateman, MD, MSc

  • Chief, Division of Obstetric Anesthesia
  • Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital
  • Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School

Kenneth A Bauer, MD

  • Section Editor — Hemostasis and Thrombosis
  • Professor of Medicine
  • Harvard Medical School

Joseph Bayes, MD

  • Massachusetts Eye and Ear (Emeritus)
  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

William C Becker, MD

  • Associate Professor of Medicine
  • Yale School of Medicine

Rodney D Bell, MD

  • Professor of Neurology
  • Sidney Kimmel Medical College

Cassandra Bellamy, PharmD, BCPS

  • Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Medical Intensive Care Unit
  • Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania

William Benedetto, MD

  • Massachusetts General Hospital

Talia K Ben-Jacob, MD, MSc

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Cooper Medical School of Rowan University
  • Division Chief, Critical Care Medicine
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • Cooper University Hospital

Lauren C Berkow, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Florida College of Medicine

Bonnie L Bermas, MD

  • Professor of Medicine
  • UT Southwestern Medical Center

Chantal Berna, MD, PhD

  • Professor of Medicine
  • Lausanne University
  • Lausanne University Hospital

Mark F Berry, MD

  • Mylavarapu Rogers Professor
  • Stanford University

Angela Bianco, MD

  • Professor
  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine
  • Mount Sinai Medical Center

Shawn J Bird, MD

  • Professor of Neurology
  • University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Nathaniel M Birgenheier, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Utah

Edward A Bittner, MD, PhD, MSEd, FCCM

  • Associate Professor of Anaesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Stephanie A Black, MD, EdM

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania

Randal S Blank, MD, PhD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Virginia Health System

Adam J Bograd, MD

  • Attending Thoracic Surgeon
  • Swedish Cancer Institute

Linda D Bradley, MD

  • Professor
  • Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
  • Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Mary Beth Brady, MD, FASE

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
  • Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Beth Brickner, MD

  • Professor of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology
  • UT Southwestern Medical Center

David Broussard, MD

  • Staff Anesthesiologist
  • Ochsner Health System

Michael J Brown, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Mayo Clinic

Rachel Budithi, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Medical College of Wisconsin

Donal J Buggy, MD

  • Consultant in Anaesthesia
  • Professor of Anaesthesia & Perioperative Medicine
  • Mater University Hospital School of Medicine
  • University College Dublin, Ireland

Nicholas Burjek, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Northwestern University
  • Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

Christopher R Burke, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Cardiac Surgery
  • University of Washington

John F Butterworth, IV, MD

  • Professor and Chair of Anesthesiology
  • Virginia Commonwealth University

Enrico Cagliero, MD

  • Associate Professor of Medicine
  • Harvard Medical School

Jeremy P Campbell, MB, ChB (Hons.), MRCS, FRCA

  • Consultant Anaesthetist, Hammersmith Hospital
  • Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

Louis R Caplan, MD

  • Professor of Neurology
  • Harvard Medical School

Jean Marie Carabuena, MD

  • Assistant Professor in Anaesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Daniel Carr, MD

  • Professor of Public Health and Community Medicine
  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Medicine
  • Tufts University School of Medicine

Brendan Carvalho, MBBCh, FRCA

  • Professor
  • Stanford University School of Medicine

Gregory D Cascino, MD

  • Professor of Neurology
  • Mayo Clinic, Rochester

Elizabeth Casserly, PharmD, BCPS

  • Pain Management Clinical Pharmacist
  • Cleveland Clinic

Rabih A Chaer, MD

  • Professor of Surgery
  • The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Anthony Chau, MD, FRCPC, MMSc

  • Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of British Columbia

Albert T Cheung, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesia
  • Stanford University School of Medicine

Hovig Chitilian, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesia
  • Massachusetts General Hospital
  • Harvard Medical School

Tushar A Chopra, MD

  • Assistant Professor Of Medicine
  • University of Virginia Health System

Roger Chou, MD

  • Professor of Medicine
  • Oregon Health & Science University

Lorraine Chow, MD

  • Clinical Associate Professor
  • University of Calgary

Frances Chung, MBBS, FRCPC

  • Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management
  • University Health Network
  • University of Toronto

Peter F Clardy, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Medicine
  • Harvard Medical School

Steven Leigh Clark, MD

  • Professor, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine
  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine

Anna Clebone Ruskin, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesia and Critical Care
  • The University of Chicago Medicine

Nathan Clendenen, MD, MS

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Colorado, Denver

Gilles Clermont, MDCM, MSc

  • Professor
  • Department of Critical Care Medicine
  • University of Pittsburgh

Diana Coffa, MD

  • Associate Professor, Department of Family Community Medicine
  • University of California, San Francisco

Steven L Cohn, MD, MACP, SFHM

  • Professor Emeritus
  • University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Naida Cole, MD

  • Instructor in Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Stephen R Collins, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Virginia Health System

Henri G Colt, MD

  • Section Editor — Interventional Pulmonology
  • Professor Emeritus
  • University of California

Michelle V Conde, MD

  • Clinical Professor of Medicine
  • University of Texas Health Science Center
  • San Antonio

David J Copenhaver, MD

  • Director of Cancer Pain Management and Supportive Care, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Department
  • University of California at Davis

Jonathan M Cousins, BSc, MBBS, FRCA, FFICM

  • Consultant Anaesthetist/Intensivist, Hammersmith Hospital
  • Imperial College Healthcare NHS

Jerome Crowley, MD, MPH

  • Clinical Instructor
  • Department of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Marianna Crowley, MD

  • Deputy Editor — Anesthesiology
  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Harvard Medical School

Jovany Cruz Navarro, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Baylor College of Medicine

F Gary Cunningham, MD

  • Professor and Holder of Beatrice and Miguel Elias Distinguished Chair in Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Donald Cutlip, MD

  • Section Editor — Interventional Cardiology
  • Professor of Medicine
  • Harvard Medical School
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Anahita Dabo-Trubelja, MD, FASA

  • Associate Attending, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
  • Assistant Professor Clinical Anesthesiology, Cornell University Medical College
  • Director Perioperative Echocardiography and Ultrasound
  • Program Director Perioperative Cancer Anesthesia Fellowship

Allison Dalton, MD

  • Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care
  • University of Chicago

Michael N D'Ambra, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Matthew S Davenport, MD, FSAR, FSCBTMR

  • Associate Professor of Urology and Radiology
  • Director of Body MRI, Associate Chair for Quality
  • Michigan Radiology Quality Collaborative
  • University of Michigan Health System

Michael R DeBaun, MD, MPH

  • Section Editor — Red Cell Disorders
  • Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine
  • Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Alexander M DeLeon, MD

  • Assistant Professor in Anesthesiology
  • Northwestern University

Prasad Devarajan, MD

  • Professor of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology
  • University of Cincinnati College of Medicine

PJ Devereaux, MD, PhD

  • Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
  • McMaster University

Lara K Dhingra, PhD

  • Assistant Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Paxton V Dickson, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Surgery
  • University of Tennessee Health Science Center
  • West Cancer Center

Gary A Dildy, III, MD, FACOG, CPHQ, CPPS

  • Clinical Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Baylor College of Medicine

Paul Diprose, BM, FRCSEd, FRCA, FFICM

  • Consultant Cardiac Anaesthetist
  • University Hospital Southampton, UK

Jeffrey B Dobyns, DO

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Alabama at Birmingham

Sylvia Y Dolinski, MD, FCCP

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
  • Medical College of Wisconsin

James D Douketis, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCP

  • Professor, Department of Medicine
  • McMaster University

D John Doyle, MD, PhD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University

Kim A Eagle, MD, MACC

  • Albion Walter Hewlett Professor of Internal Medicine
  • University of Michigan

Roderic G Eckenhoff, MD

  • Austin Lamont Professor and Vice Chair for Research
  • Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care
  • University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Jan Ehrenwerth, MD

  • Professor Emeritus, Department of Anesthesiology
  • Yale University School of Medicine

Naveen Eipe, MBBS, MD

  • Staff Anesthesiologist
  • The Ottawa Hospital
  • Associate Professor
  • Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine
  • University of Ottawa

Kariem El-Boghdadly, MBBS, BSc, FRCA, EDRA, MSc

  • Consultant Anaesthetist
  • Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
  • Honorary Senior Lecturer
  • King’s College

Eman Elkadry, MD, FACOG

  • Clinical Instructor
  • Harvard Medical School

Louise Ellard, MBBS, FANZCA, AdvPTEeXAM, MCL

  • Department of Anaesthesia
  • Austin Health
  • Melbourne, Australia

Hesham Elsharkawy, MD, MBA, MSc, FASA

  • MetroHealth, Pain and Healing Center
  • Anesthesiology Department
  • Associate Professor, Case Western Reserve University
  • Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic

Michael Emmett, MD

  • Editor-in-Chief — Nephrology
  • Section Editor — Fluid and Electrolytes
  • Chief of Internal Medicine
  • Baylor University Medical Center

Kayser Enneking, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation
  • University of Florida College of Medicine

Kathleen Evangelista, MS, CRNA

  • Chief CRNA, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital

Ronald M Fairman, MD

  • Professor of Surgery and Radiology
  • University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Scott A Falk, MD

  • Associate Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology and Critical Care
  • University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Michaela K Farber, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Ashraf Fayad, MD, FRCPC, FFARCSI, FACC, FASE

  • Site Chief, University Hospital
  • Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
  • London Health Sciences Centre / St. Joseph’s Health Care
  • Associate Professor, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry
  • Western University

Jessica Feinleib, MD, PhD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Yale School of Medicine

Eva L Feldman, MD, PhD

  • Professor of Neurology
  • University of Michigan Medical Center

Michael G Fitzsimons, MD

  • Associate Professor
  • Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
  • Massachusetts General Hospital
  • Associate Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Lee A Fleisher, MD

  • Robert D Dripps Professor and Chair of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
  • University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Michael R Foley, MD

  • Professor
  • University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix

Manuel L Fontes, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Division Chief Cardiac Anesthesia
  • Director of Clinical Research
  • Yale University

Joseph Francis, Jr, MD, MPH

  • Executive Director, Analytics and Performance Integration
  • Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC

Lawrence S Friedman, MD

  • Professor of Medicine
  • Harvard Medical School and Tufts University School of Medicine
  • The Anton R. Fried, MD, Chair, Department of Medicine
  • Newton-Wellesley Hospital
  • Assistant Chief of Medicine
  • Massachusetts General Hospital

Barry Fuchs, MD

  • Professor of Medicine
  • Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

Edmund F Funai, MD

  • Hospital Corporation of America

Duane J Funk, MD, FRCP(C)

  • Assistant Professor, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine
  • University of Manitoba, Winnipeg

Marissa C Galicia-Castillo, MD, MSEd, CMD, FACP

  • Sue Faulkner Scribner Professor of Geriatrics
  • Eastern Virginia Medical School
  • Medical Director, Palliative Medicine
  • Sentara Norfolk General Hospital

Samuel Galvagno, DO, PhD, FCCM

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Maryland School of Medicine

Ivan Garza, MD

  • Associate Professor of Neurology
  • Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science

Adrian W Gelb, MD

  • Distinguished Professor Emeritus
  • University of California San Francisco

James N George, MD

  • Professor of Medicine
  • University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center

Rebecca M Gerlach, MD, FRCPC

  • Associate Professor
  • Medical Director, Pre-Anesthesia Clinic
  • Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
  • University of New Mexico

Ralph Gertler, MD, PhD

  • Executive Senior Physician
  • Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
  • HELIOS Klinikum München West
  • Teaching hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Kamrouz Ghadimi, MD

  • Associate Professor
  • Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine
  • Duke University Medical Center

William A Ghali, MD, MPH

  • Professor
  • Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences
  • University of Calgary, Canada

Michael Gilhooly, FRCA

  • Consultant Anaesthetist
  • Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital
  • University College London Hospitals NHS Trust

David B Glick, MD, MBA

  • Professor
  • Medical Director, Post-Anesthesia Care Unit
  • Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care
  • The University of Chicago

Ary L Goldberger, MD

  • Section Editor — Electrocardiography
  • Professor of Medicine
  • Harvard Medical School

Don L Goldenberg, MD

  • Section Editor — Pain Disorders in Rheumatology
  • Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine
  • Affiliate Instructor, Rheumatology Division, Oregon Health Science University
  • Affiliate Instructor, School of Nursing Oregon Health Sciences University

Thomas A Golper, MD

  • Section Editor — Dialysis
  • Professor of Medicine
  • Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Adam J Gordon, MD, MPH, FACP, FASAM

  • Professor of Medicine and Psychiatry
  • University of Utah School of Medicine

Basavana Goudra, MD, FRCA, FCARCSI

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
  • Perelman School of Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania

Thomas J Graetz, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Surgery (Cardiothoracic)
  • Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Gilbert J Grant, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • New York University School of Medicine

Michael C Grant, MD, MSE

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine
  • Core Faculty, Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety & Quality
  • The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Andrew Gray, MD, PhD

  • Professor of Clinical Anesthesia
  • UCSF School of Medicine

Michael A Gropper, MD, PhD

  • Professor and Chair
  • Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care
  • University of California, San Francisco

Shaun Gruenbaum, MD, PhD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Senior Associate Consultant
  • Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
  • Section of Neuroanesthesia
  • Mayo Clinic-Florida

Jacob T Gutsche, MD, FASE, FCCM

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
  • University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Carin A Hagberg, MD, FASA

  • Section Editor — Airway Management
  • Chief Academic Officer
  • Bud Johnson Clinical Distinguished Chair
  • Division Head of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine
  • The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Robert G Hahn, MD, PhD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
  • Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Robert R Hansebout, MD, FRCS(C), FACS

  • Professor Emeritus, Division of Neurosurgery
  • McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

Philip Hartigan, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Nazish Hashmi, MB, BS

  • Assistant Professor
  • Divisions of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department

Julie Hauer, MD

  • Assistant Professor
  • Boston Children's Hospital

Joy Hawkins, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Colorado School of Medicine

Stephen Robert Hays, MD, FAAP

  • Clinical Professor, Anesthesiology & Pediatrics
  • University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
  • Director, Pediatric Pain Services
  • University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital

Michele Heath, LP, CCP

  • Perfusionist
  • Durham VA Medical Center

Laura B Hemmer, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Neurological Surgery
  • Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Nadia Blakemore Hensley, MD

  • Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
  • The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Antonio Hernandez Conte, MD, MBA, FASA

  • Associate Clinical Professor
  • University of California, Irvine

Daren K Heyland, MD, FRCPC, MSc

  • Professor of Medicine
  • Queen's University, Ontario, Canada

Charles C Ho, MD

  • Staff Anesthesiologist
  • Beverly Anesthesia Associates

Robert S Hoffman, MD

  • Professor of Emergency Medicine
  • Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine
  • New York University Grossman School of Medicine

Charles W Hogue, MD

  • James E. Eckenhoff Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Philipp Houck, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Columbia University Medical Center

Carmen Hrymak, MD

  • Emergency Medicine Physician, FRCPC
  • Critical Care Fellow, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine
  • University of Manitoba

Omar Hyder, MD

  • Instructor in Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Barys Ihnatsenka, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Florida

Caleb Ing, MD, MS

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology (in Epidemiology)
  • Columbia University Medical Center

Gabriella Iohom, MD, PhD

  • Senior Lecturer
  • University College Cork

Zacharia Isaac, MD

  • Section Editor — Soft Tissue Rheumatic Disease
  • Assistant Professor in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
  • Harvard Medical School

Olav Istre, MD, PhD

  • Professor, Deptartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • South Danish University
  • Odense, Denmark

Unyime Ituk, MBBS, FCARCSI

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesia
  • University of Iowa

Eric Jacobsohn, MBChB, MHPE, FRCPC

  • Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology
  • Professor of Internal Medicine
  • University of Manitoba, Winnipeg

Farid Jadbabaie, MD

  • Associate Professor of Medicine
  • Yale University School of Medicine

Narasimhan Jagannathan, MD, MBA

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
  • Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

Andy Jagoda, MD

  • Professor and Chair Emeritus, Department of Emergency Medicine
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Christina L Jeng, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Orthopaedics
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Jeffrey Jim, MD, MPHS, FACS

  • Chair, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
  • Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital

Eric A JohnBull, MD, MPH

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Division of Veterans Affairs
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • Duke University Medical Center

Rebecca L Johnson, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Mayo Clinical College of Medicine

Barbara L Jones, PhD, MSW

  • Professor of Social Work
  • University of Texas at Austin

Edmund Jooste, MB, ChB

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics
  • Duke Children's Hospital

Girish P Joshi, MB, BS, MD, FFARCSI

  • Section Editor — Fundamentals of Anesthesia
  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Management
  • University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas

Maurice F Joyce, MD, EdM

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
  • Tufts Medical Center & Tufts University School of Medicine

Edward Kachur, MD, FRCS(C)

  • Associate Professor, Division of Neurosurgery
  • McMaster University

Electron Kebebew, MD, FACS

  • Professor of Surgery
  • Chief, Division of General Surgery
  • Harry A. Oberhelman, Jr. and Mark L. Welton Professor
  • Program Leader, Endocrine Oncology Program
  • Stanford Cancer Center

Yair Y Keilson, MD

  • Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine
  • Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine

Mark A Kelley, MD, MACP

  • Visiting Scholar, Harvard Business School
  • Physician, Pulmonary-Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital

Charles Kellner, MD

  • Professor (Adjunct)
  • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
  • Medical University of South Carolina
  • Charleston, SC

Faiza A Khan, MD

  • Assistant Professor
  • University of Arkansas for Medical Science

Nadia A Khan, MD, MSc

  • Professor of Medicine
  • University of British Columbia, Canada

Sajid A Khan, MD

  • Research Fellow
  • Arnold Pain Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Sarah M Khorsand, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
  • UT Southwestern Medical Center

Sarah J Kilpatrick, MD, PhD

  • Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Associate Dean for Faculty Development and Diversity
  • Cedars-Sinai Health Center

Yukiko Kimura, MD

  • Professor of Pediatrics
  • Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine
  • Division Chief of Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Joseph M Sanzari Children's Hospital
  • Hackensack University Medical Center

Adam King, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
  • Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Koffi Kla, MD

  • Associate Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology
  • Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Lisa L Klesius, MD

  • Assistant Professor in Anesthesiology
  • Regional and Acute Pain Medicine
  • University of Wisconsin - Madison

Riva R Ko, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Columbia University Medical Center

Bhavani-Shankar Kodali, MD

  • Chief of Obstetric Anesthesiology
  • University of Maryland Medical Center
  • Professor of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
  • Chief Safety Officer, Department of Anesthesiology
  • Assistant Director, Maryland Anesthesiology Program in Simulation (MAPS)

W Andrew Kofke, MD, MBA, FCCM, FNCS

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
  • University of Pennsylvania

Sarah Kohnstamm, MD

  • Clinical Assistant Professor
  • Department of Internal Medicine
  • Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
  • University of Michigan

Antoun Koht, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology, Neurological Surgery, and Neurology
  • Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Wolf B Kratzert, MD

  • Associate Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
  • UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine

Priya Kumar, MD, FASA

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Viji Kurup, MD

  • Professor
  • Section Chief, Division of Medical Education
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • Yale University School of Medicine

Riki Kveraga, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Harvard Medical School

Lori H Kwan, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Yale School of Medicine

Laura Lahaye, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Virginia Commonwealth University

Yan Lai, MD, MPH

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center

Anita LaSala, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Obstetrics-Gynecology
  • Columbia University Medical Center

Javier Lasala, MD

  • Assistant Professor
  • The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

J Adam Law, MD

  • Professor
  • Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine
  • Dalhousie University

Cappi Lay, MD

  • Co-Director, Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit
  • Assistant Professor, Neurosurgery and Emergency Medicine
  • Mount Sinai School of Medicine
  • New York City

Christine L Lay, MD, FRCPC

  • Professor of Neurology
  • University of Toronto

Dennis K Ledford, MD

  • Professor of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics
  • University of South Florida

Hans Lee, MD

  • Associate Professor of Medicine
  • Johns Hopkins University

Lisa Leffert, MD

  • Chief, Obstetric Anesthesia Division
  • Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care
  • Massachusetts General Hospital
  • Associate Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Eric Legome, MD

  • Professor and Chair of Emergency Medicine
  • Mount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West Hospitals
  • Vice Chair of Academic Affairs, Emergency Medicine
  • Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Hendrikus J M Lemmens, MD, PhD

  • Professor of Anesthesia
  • Stanford University School of Medicine

Jerrold Lerman, MD, FRCPC, FANZCA

  • Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Oishei Children’s Hospital
  • Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York

Joshua M Levine, MD

  • Associate Professor of Neurology
  • Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

Jerrold H Levy, MD, FAHA, FCCM

  • Professor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, Surgery (Cardiothoracic)
  • Duke University Hospital

Richard J Levy, MD, FAAP

  • Vice Chair for Pediatric Laboratory Research
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics
  • Columbia University Medical Center

Linda Le-Wendling, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Fellowship Director, Division of Acute and Perioperative Pain Medicine
  • University of Florida, College of Medicine

Alexandra Leah Lewis, MD, MSc

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Gregory YH Lip, MD, FRCPE, FESC, FACC

  • Price-Evans Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
  • Distinguished Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
  • Adjunct Professor, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
  • Adjunct Professor, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Robert Loeb, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Florida College of Medicine

Martin J London, MD, FASE

  • Emeritus Professor of Clinical Anesthesia
  • University of California, San Francisco

Lorraine N Lubin, MD

  • Clinical Professor
  • UCLA Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine

Martin Ma, MD

  • Assistant Professor
  • University of Toronto

Kelly Machovec, MD, MPH

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Duke University School of Medicine

Alvaro A Macias, MD

  • Instructor in Anesthesia
  • Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
  • Harvard Medical School

Jennifer A Macpherson, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Rochester, Rochester, New York

Aman Mahajan, MD, PhD, MBA

  • Professor and Chair
  • Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Bioinformatics, and Pharmacology
  • University of Pittsburgh

Gagan Mahajan, MD

  • Professor
  • Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
  • University of California, Davis

Elizabeth Mahanna-Gabrielli, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain management
  • University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Feroze Mahmood, MD

  • Professor of Anaesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Yasmin Maisonave, MD

  • Assistant Professor
  • Duke University Medical Center

Atul Malhotra, MD

  • Peter C Farrell Professor, Department of Medicine
  • University of California, San Diego

Michael Manning, MD, PhD

  • Assistant Professor
  • Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia
  • Division of General, Vascular and Transplant Anesthesia
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • Duke University

Ellen F Manzullo, MD, FACP

  • Professor of Medicine
  • Department of General Internal Medicine
  • University of Texas
  • MD Anderson Cancer Center

Edward R Mariano, MD, MAS

  • Professor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine
  • Stanford University School of Medicine

Letha Mathews, MBBS, FFARCS (I)

  • Associate Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology
  • Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Oana Maties, MD, MRCP, FRCA

  • Associate Professor
  • Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care
  • University of California San Francisco

Melissa Mattison, MD

  • Associate Professor of Medicine
  • Harvard Medical School

Lynne G Maxwell, MD, FAAP

  • Emeritus Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
  • Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

Ashley McClain, BS, CCLS

  • Level II Certified Child Life Specialist
  • Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston
  • Day Surgery and Preop Clinic

Michael L McGarvey, MD

  • Associate Professor of Neurology
  • University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Kathryn E McGoldrick, MD, FCAI (Hon)

  • Professor and Chair, Emeritus
  • Advisory Dean for Student Affairs, Emeritus College of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York

Stuart McGrane, MBChB

  • Anesthesiologist, Cardiovascular Anesthesiology
  • St. Thomas West, Nashville

Jennifer J McIntosh, DO, MS

  • Associate Professor of Maternal Fetal Medicine
  • Medical College of Wisconsin

Anne Marie McKenzie-Brown, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Emory University

Emily McQuaid-Hanson, MD

  • Clinical Assistant Professor
  • Elson S Floyd College of Medicine
  • Washington State University

Zankhana Mehta, MD

  • Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine
  • Geisinger Medical Center

Geno J Merli, MD, MACP, FHM, FSVM

  • Professor of Medicine & Surgery
  • Sidney Kimmel Medical College

Emily Methangkool, MD

  • Associate Clinical Professor of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology
  • UCLA Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine

Theo E Meyer, MD, PhD

  • Section Editor — Heart Failure
  • Professor of Medicine
  • Interim Chief, Cardiology
  • University of Massachusetts Medical School
  • UMass Memorial Medical Center

Jill M Mhyre, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Brenda Middlebrooks, DNP, RN, CNOR, CPNP

  • Day Surgery and Preop Clinic Nurse Practitioner
  • Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston

John D Mitchell, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anaesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Vicki E Modest, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School
  • Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
  • Massachusetts General Hospital

Vivek K Moitra, MD, MHA, FCCM

  • Allen I. Hyman Professor of Critical Care Anesthesiology
  • Columbia University Medical Center
  • Chief, Division of Critical Care Medicine

Laurel E Moore, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Michigan School of Medicine

R Sean Morrison, MD

  • Section Editor — Selected End Stage Conditions
  • Hermann Merkin Professor of Palliative Care
  • Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Jeremi Mountjoy, MD

  • Instructor
  • Harvard Medical School

Leah K Moynihan, RNC, MSN

  • Reliant Medical Group

Teresa A Mulaikal, MD, FASE

  • Associate Professor of Critical Care and Cardiac Anesthesiology
  • Columbia University Medical Center

Michael T Mullen, MD

  • Associate Professor
  • Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University

Visala Muluk, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Medicine
  • University of Pittsburgh

Karen Nanji, MD, MPH

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Harvard Medical School
  • Massachusetts General Hospital

Vladimir Nekhendzy, MD

  • Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology and Otolaryngology
  • Stanford University School of Medicine

Nancy J Newman, MD

  • Leo Delle Jolley Professor of Ophthalmology
  • Emory University School of Medicine

Alina Nicoara, MD, FASE

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Duke University Medical Center

Jose C Nicolau, MD, PhD, FACC

  • Professor of Medicine
  • University of Sao Paulo Medical School

Heather Nixon, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Illinois at Chicago

Errol R Norwitz, MD, PhD, MBA

  • Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine
  • President/CEO, Newton-Wellesley Hospital

Nancy A Nussmeier, MD, FAHA

  • Deputy Editor — Anesthesiology
  • Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
  • Massachusetts General Hospital

Gregory Nuttall, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Sinead M Nyhan, MD

  • Co-Director of Perioperative Medicine,
  • High Risk Cardiovascular Disease
  • Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
  • Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine
  • Divisions of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia & Adult Critical Care

E. Andrew Ochroch, MD, MSCE

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery
  • University of Pennsylvania

Michael F O'Connor, MD, FCCM

  • Section Editor — Surgical Critical Care
  • Professor, Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care
  • University of Chicago

Liza C O'Dowd, MD

  • Adjunct Assistant Professor of Medicine
  • University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Christopher S Ogilvy, MD

  • Professor of Surgery
  • Harvard Medical School

Mark D Okusa, MD

  • Professor of Medicine
  • University of Virginia Health System

Hernando Olivar, MD

  • Clinical Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
  • University of Washington

Jamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MS, PhD

  • Jamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MSc, PhD
  • Professor of Neurosciences
  • Federal University of Bahia, Brazil

Eric Olson, MD

  • Professor of Medicine
  • Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Catherine Olweny, MD

  • Specialist Anaesthetist, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management
  • The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne

Steven Orebaugh, MD

  • Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology
  • University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Erik Ortega, MD

  • Assistant Professor
  • Barrow Neurological Institute

Thomas L Ortel, MD, PhD

  • Professor of Medicine & Pathology
  • Hemostasis & Thrombosis Center, Duke University

Brian M Osman, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Qi Ott, MD

  • Instructor in Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Yinka Oyelese, MD

  • Director, Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Atlantic Health System
  • Morristown, NJ

Mehmet S Ozcan, MD, FCCP

  • Associate Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology
  • Yale University Department of Anesthesiology

Sher-Lu Pai, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Chanannait Paisansathan, MD

  • Associate Professor
  • University of Illinois at Chicago

Aimee Pak, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Augusta University Medical Center

Jessica Palumbo Dufur, BS, CCLS

  • Certified Child Life Specialist
  • Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston
  • Day Surgery & Pre-Operative Clinic

Stephen Panaro, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesia, University of Connecticut School of Medicine
  • Associate Staff, Hartford Hospital

Pratik Pandharipande, MD, MSCI

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Surgery
  • Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Jaideep J Pandit, MA, BM, DPhil, FRCA, FFPMRCA, DM

  • Professor of Anaesthesia
  • University of Oxford

Leila Mei Pang, MD

  • Ngai-Jubilee Professor Emerita and Special Lecturer
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University

Joong Shin Park, MD, PhD

  • Professor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea

Matteo Parotto, MD, PhD

  • Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine
  • University of Toronto

Anil Patel, FRCA

  • Dept of Anaesthesia
  • Royal National Throat Nose & Ear Hospital, UCLH, London

A William Paulsen, MMSc, PhD, CAA, CCE

  • Professor of Medical Sciences and Anesthesiology
  • Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine
  • Quinnipiac University

John Pawlowski, MD, PhD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Mark A Perazella, MD, FACP

  • Professor of Medicine
  • Yale University School of Medicine

Nancy D Perrier, MD, FACS

  • Professor
  • The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Albert Perrino, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Yale School of Medicine

Tjorvi E Perry, MD, MMSc

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Minnesota

Robert A Peterfreund, MD, PhD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital

Carlos A Pino, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
  • University of Vermont College of Medicine

Andrew J B Pisansky, MD, MS

  • Assistant Professor
  • Vanderbilt School of Medicine
  • Department of Anesthesiology: Division of Pain Medicine
  • Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Alexandra Plichta, MD

  • Clinical Associate
  • Johns Hopkins University

Russell K Portenoy, MD

  • Chief Medical Officer
  • MJHS Hospice and Palliative Care
  • Professor of Neurology and Family and Social Medicine
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Paul Potnuru, MD

  • Assistant Professor
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Paul Preston, MD

  • Patient Safety Leader
  • The Permanente Medical Group

Scott G Pritzlaff, MD

  • Associate Clinical Professor, Division of Pain Medicine
  • Program Director, Pain Medicine Fellowship
  • Department Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
  • University of California, Davis

Ron Purugganan, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
  • Professor of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
  • The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Ferenc Puskas, MD, PhD, MBA

  • Clinical Professor
  • University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine

Philip Ragg, MD

  • Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Paediatrics
  • University of Melbourne

Venkatakrishna Rajajee, MBBS

  • Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery and Neurology
  • University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

James P Rathmell, MD

  • Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine
  • Brigham and Women’s Hospital
  • Leroy D. Vandam Professor of Anaesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Andres Oswaldo Razo Vazquez, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Yale School of Medicine

Sharon Reale, MD

  • Instructor in Anesthesia
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School

Christine C Reardon, MD

  • Clinical Professor of Medicine
  • Boston University School of Medicine

Adrian Regli, MD

  • Associate Professor
  • University of Western Australia School of Medicine and Pharmacology
  • Associate Professor
  • University of Notre Dame, Fremantle

Britta Regli-von Ungern-Sternberg, MD, PhD

  • Professor and Chair of Paediatric Anaesthesia
  • School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia

Johnathan Ross Renew, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
  • Mayo Clinic Florida

Amy C Robertson, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Vice Chair for Clinical Affairs
  • Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Guy Rordorf, MD

  • Associate Professor of Neurology
  • Harvard Medical School

Harvey K Rosenbaum, MD

  • Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
  • David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
  • Member, MHAUS Professional Advisory Council

Stanley Rosenbaum, MA, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology, Internal Medicine & Surgery
  • Yale School of Medicine

Henry Rosenberg, MD

  • President, Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States
  • Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Rutgers/NJ Medical School, University Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

Meg A Rosenblatt, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Orthopaedics
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

William H Rosenblatt, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and of Surgery (Otolaryngology)
  • Director, Anesthesia for Otolaryngology
  • Yale School of Medicine

Richard Rosenquist, MD

  • Chairman, Pain Management Department
  • Anesthesiology Institute
  • Cleveland Clinic

Eric B Rosero, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Management
  • UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas

Mitchell H Rosner, MD

  • Professor of Medicine
  • University of Virginia Health System

Douglas S Ross, MD

  • Section Editor — Thyroid Disease
  • Professor of Medicine
  • Harvard Medical School

Steven Roth, MD

  • Professor
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • University of Illinois

Lewis J Rubin, MD

  • Adjunct Professor of Medicine
  • College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University

Michael R Rudnick, MD

  • Associate Professor of Medicine
  • University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Keith J Ruskin, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
  • The University of Chicago Medicine

Senthilkumar Sadhasivam, MD, MPH

  • Professor of Anesthesia
  • Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Neil S Sanghani, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Medicine
  • Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Joshua Sappenfield, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Emergency Medicine
  • Assistant Residency Program Director of Anesthesiology for Didactics
  • Medical Director of the Presurgical Clinic
  • Chief of the Perioperative Medicine Division
  • University of Florida, Department of Anesthesiology

Richard H Savel, MD, FCCM

  • Professor of Clinical Medicine
  • SUNY Downstate College of Medicine

Michael Schatz, MD, MS

  • Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine
  • University of California San Diego School of Medicine

William Schechter, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics
  • Columbia University Medical Center

Robert B Schonberger, MD, MHS

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Yale University School of Medicine

Peter M Schulman, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
  • Oregon Health & Science University

Roman Schumann, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Tufts University School of Medicine

Edwin Seet Chuen Ping, MBBS, MMed

  • Adjunct Associate Professor
  • Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  • Adjunct Associate Professor
  • Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore

Angela Selzer, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Colorado School of Medicine

Daniel Sessler, MD

  • Michael Cudahy Professor and Chair
  • Outcomes Research Consortium
  • Anesthesiology Institute
  • Cleveland Clinic

Aryeh Shander, MD, FCCM, FCCP, FASA

  • Emeritus Chair, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
  • Englewood Hospital and Medical Center
  • Adjunct Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Surgery
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York
  • Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
  • Rutgers New Jersey

Fred E Shapiro, DO, FASA

  • Associate Professor of Anaesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Sam R Sharar, MD

  • Professor, Department of Anesthesiology
  • University of Washington

Deepak Sharma, MBBS, MD, DM

  • Virginia & Prentice Bloedel Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
  • Professor of Neurological Surgery
  • University of Washington

Howard T Sharp, MD

  • Section Editor — Gynecologic Surgery
  • Professor and Vice Chair for Clinical Activities
  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • University of Utah Health Sciences Center

Paul Shekelle, MD

  • Professor of Medicine
  • UCLA Medical School

David D Sherry, MD

  • Professor of Pediatrics
  • Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

Aislinn Sherwin, MB BCh BAO, FCAI, BSc

  • Fellow in Onco-Anaesthesia
  • Mater University Hospital School of Medicine
  • University College Dublin, Ireland

Douglas C Shook, MD, FASE

  • Assistant Professor of Anaesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Baha M Sibai, MD

  • Professor, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division
  • Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
  • The University of Texas Medical School at Houston

Angelica Silva Figueroa, MD

  • Assistant Professor, Staff Surgeon
  • RedSalud Clinic Avansalud, East Metropolitan Health Service

Robert J Singer, MD

  • Director, Neurovascular Therapeutics
  • Menorah Medical Center

Albert L Siu, MD, MSPH

  • Professor
  • Department of Geriatrics and Pallative Medicine
  • Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Peter D Slinger, MD, FRCPC

  • Section Editor — Thoracic/Vascular Anesthesia
  • Professor of Anesthesia
  • Toronto General Hospital

Tod B Sloan, MD, MBA, PhD

  • Professor Emeritus
  • University of Colorado School of Medicine

Gerald W Smetana, MD

  • Professor of Medicine
  • Harvard Medical School

Edward R Smith, MD

  • Department of Neurosurgery
  • Children's Hospital Boston
  • Harvard Medical School

James V Snyder, MD

  • Professor Emeritus, Department of Critical Care Medicine
  • University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Ramesh Soundararajan, MD, FACP

  • Clinical Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine
  • Midwestern University College of Medicine

Roshni Sreedharan, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Cleveland Clinic

Brett R Stacey, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
  • University of Washington

Irene P Stafford, MD

  • Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • The University of Texas Health Science Center/McGovern Medical School

Mark Stafford-Smith, MD, CM, FRCPC, FASE

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Vice Chair of Education
  • Director, Fellowship Education
  • Director, Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Fellowship
  • Duke University School of Medicine

Renee D Stapleton, MD, PhD

  • Professor of Medicine
  • University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine

Joanna L Starrels, MD, MS

  • Associate Professor of Medicine
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center

Nicholas Statzer, MD

  • Assistant Professor
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Randolph H Steadman, MD, MS

  • Chair, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
  • Houston Methodist Hospital

Mark M Stecker, MD, PhD, FAAN, FACNS, FASNM

  • President
  • Fresno Institute of Neuroscience

Marjorie Stiegler, MD

  • Adjunct Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

E Alessandra Strada, PhD, MSCP

  • Palliative Care and Integrative Medicine Consultant
  • Adjunct Faculty, Postdoctoral Psychopharmacology Program, Alliant University, San Francisco
  • Palliative Care and Integrative Medicine Consultant
  • Santa Cruz, California

Eric Strain, MD

  • Director, Johns Hopkins Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and Research
  • Director, Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit
  • Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Jonathan R Strosberg, MD

  • Professor
  • Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology
  • H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center

Raj Subramanyam, MD, MS

  • Associate Chief for Quality and Safety, General Anesthesiology
  • Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
  • Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Christina Sun-Edelstein, MD, FRACP

  • Department of Clinical Neurosciences
  • St. Vincent's Hospital

Caitlin D Sutton, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Obstetric and Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Baylor College of Medicine

Nijasri Charnnarong Suwanwela, MD

  • Professor of Neurology
  • Chulalongkorn University Medical School

Hans Sviggum, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesia
  • Mayo Clinic

BobbieJean Sweitzer, MD, FACP

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Christopher Szabo, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology
  • Yale School of Medicine

Madhura Tamhankar, MD

  • Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Neurology
  • Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania

Baron Tang, PT, DPT, OCS, FAAOMPT

  • Faculty at Evidence in Motion

Vijaykumar Tarnal, MD, FRCA

  • Clinical Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • The University of Michigan School of Medicine

Robert C Tasker, MBBS, MD

  • Professor of Neurology and Anaesthesia (Pediatrics)
  • Harvard Medical School

David Tauben, MD

  • Clinical Professor Emeritus
  • Medicine and Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
  • University of Washington

Magnus K Teig, BMedSc (Hons.), MBChB, MRCP, FRCA, EDIC, FFICM

  • Clinical Assistant Professor
  • University of Michigan Department of Anesthesiology

Arthur C Theodore, MD

  • Clinical Professor of Medicine
  • Boston University School of Medicine

Kevin Thornton, MD

  • Clinical Professor
  • University of California San Francisco School of Medicine

Karen J Tietze, PharmD

  • Professor of Clinical Pharmacy
  • Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
  • University of the Sciences in Philadelphia

Roulhac d'Arby Toledano, PhD, MD

  • Director, Obstetric Anesthesia NYU Langone – Brooklyn
  • Clinical Associate Professor of Anesthesia, NYU Langone Health

Kelly Ural, MD

  • Staff Anesthesiologist
  • Ochsner Health System

Dirk J Varelmann, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Lashmi Venkatraghavan, MD

  • Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesia
  • University of Toronto

Elliott P Vichinsky, MD

  • Section Editor — Red Cell Disorders
  • Professor of Pediatrics
  • University of California San Francisco

Nicholas J Volpe, MD

  • Tarry Professor and Chairman
  • Department of Ophthalmology
  • Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine

Gebhard Wagener, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology at CUMC
  • Columbia University Medical Center

Joyce A Wahr, MD, FAHA

  • Section Editor — Patient Safety and Offsite Anesthetic Locations
  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Minnesota Health Sciences

Marc Wakasa, MD

  • Clinical Instructor
  • Stanford University School of Medicine

Sarah E Wakeman, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Medicine
  • Harvard Medical School

Carol A Waksmonski, MD

  • Professor of Medicine
  • Columbia University Medical Center

Gary A Walco, PhD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Adjunct Professor of Pediatrics and Psychiatry
  • University of Washington School of Medicine

Tom Wall, MSc, FCAI

  • Research Fellow/Lecturer in Anaesthesia
  • Mater University Hospital School of Medicine
  • University College Dublin, Ireland

Grace J Wang, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Surgery
  • Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania

Christopher Ward, MD

  • Assistant Professor
  • Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
  • Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

David O Warner, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science

Lisa Warren, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Steven E Weinberger, MD

  • Adjunct Professor of Medicine
  • University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
  • Executive Vice President and CEO Emeritus
  • American College of Physicians

Debra K Weiner, MD, FACP

  • Professor of Medicine, Psychiatry, Anesthesiology, and Clinical & Translational Science
  • University of Pittsburgh
  • Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center
  • VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System

Gerald L Weinhouse, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Medicine
  • Harvard Medical School

Marnie B Welch, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center

Tasha L Welch, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Mayo Clinic
  • Department of Anesthesiology

Ian J Welsby, BSc, MBBS, FRCA

  • Professor of Anesthesiology & Critical Care
  • Duke University Medical Center

Christopher Whinney, MD

  • Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine
  • Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Shelley Wiechman, PhD

  • Associate Professor
  • University of Washington

Elizabeth H Wilson, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Regional and Acute Pain Medicine
  • University of Wisconsin - Madison

Stephan Windecker, MD

  • Section Editor — Coronary Heart Disease
  • Professor of Medicine
  • Department of Cardiology
  • Bern University Hospital

Katherine Wittling, RN, BSN, CAPA

  • Manager of Surgical Services
  • Children's Healthcare of Atlanta

David Wlody, MD, FASA

  • Chair, Department of Anesthesiology
  • Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology
  • State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center

Cynthia A Wong, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesia
  • University of Iowa Healthcare

Victor W Xia, MD

  • Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
  • David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

Vidya Yalamanchili, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology,
  • Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston

Ammar Yamani, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Baylor College of Medicine

Edward Yap, MD

  • Assistant Professor
  • Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine

G Bryan Young, MD, FRCPC

  • Professor of Neurology
  • University of Western Ontario, Canada

William F Young, Jr, MD, MSc

  • Professor of Medicine
  • Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Zdravka Zafirova, MD

  • Associate Professor, Anesthesiology
  • Section of Critical Care
  • Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Mount Sinai Hospital System

Yury Zasimovich, MD

  • Assistant Professor and Division Chief
  • Acute and Perioperative Pain Medicine
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • University of Florida

Carolyn M Zelop, MD

  • Clinical Professor of Ob/Gyn
  • New York University School of Medicine

Gang Zheng, MD

  • Professor and Section Chief of Head and Neck Anesthesia
  • Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
  • The University of Texas MD
  • Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Joshua Zimmerman, MD, FASE

  • Associate Professor
  • Vice Chair, Perioperative Medicine
  • Director, Perioperative Echocardiography
  • University of Utah Department of Anesthesiology

Peer Reviewers

Basem Abdelmalak, MD, FASA, SAMBA-F

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Cleveland Clinic

Mrinalini Balki, MD

  • Associate Professor
  • Faculty of Medicine
  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
  • University of Toronto

Dalia Banks, MD, FASE

  • Clinical Professor
  • Vice Chair of Cardiovascular Anesthesia Academic Affairs
  • University of California, San Diego

Sheila Barnett, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

William Benedetto, MD

  • Massachusetts General Hospital

Albert T Cheung, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesia
  • Stanford University School of Medicine

Stephen R Collins, MD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Virginia Health System

Jan Ehrenwerth, MD

  • Professor Emeritus, Department of Anesthesiology
  • Yale University School of Medicine

Brenda G Fahy, MD, MCCM

  • Professor
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • University of Florida College of Medicine

Manuel L Fontes, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Division Chief Cardiac Anesthesia
  • Director of Clinical Research
  • Yale University

Tong J Gan, MD, MBA, MHS, FRCA

  • Professor and Chairman
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • Stony Brook University

Michele Heath, LP, CCP

  • Perfusionist
  • Durham VA Medical Center

Stephanie B Jones, MD

  • Editor-in-Chief — Anesthesiology
  • Section Editor — Anesthesia with Comorbid Non-Cardiopulmonary Conditions
  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Albany Medical College

Brinda B Kamdar, MD

  • Massachusetts General Hospital

Jerrold H Levy, MD, FAHA, FCCM

  • Professor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, Surgery (Cardiothoracic)
  • Duke University Hospital

Jennifer A Macpherson, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • University of Rochester, Rochester, New York

Gagan Mahajan, MD

  • Professor
  • Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
  • University of California, Davis

Christine Mai, MD, MS-HPEd

  • Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School

Jonathan B Mark, MD

  • Section Editor — Cardiac Anesthesia
  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Duke University Medical Center
  • Anesthesiology Service
  • Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Emily Methangkool, MD

  • Associate Clinical Professor of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology
  • UCLA Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine

Vilma E Ortiz, MD

  • Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine
  • Massachusetts General Hospital

Sheela Pai Cole, MD, FASE, FASA

  • Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Perioperative and Pain Medicine
  • Divisions of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
  • Stanford University

John Pawlowski, MD, PhD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School

Robert A Peterfreund, MD, PhD

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesia
  • Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital

Thomas E Saak, MD

  • Medical Director
  • Premier Dental Anesthesiology
  • Medical Director
  • WAAI Mobile Anesthesiology

Muhammad F Sarwar, MD, FASE

  • Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Director, Division of Cardiac Anesthesia
  • Department of Anesthesiology
  • State University of New York

Roman Schumann, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Tufts University School of Medicine

Thomas Simopoulos, MD, MA

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
  • Harvard Medical School

Annemarie Thompson, MD

  • Professor of Anesthesiology and Medicine
  • Duke University School of Medicine

Roulhac d'Arby Toledano, PhD, MD

  • Director, Obstetric Anesthesia NYU Langone – Brooklyn
  • Clinical Associate Professor of Anesthesia, NYU Langone Health

Sarah E Wakeman, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Medicine
  • Harvard Medical School

Elizabeth H Wilson, MD

  • Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
  • Regional and Acute Pain Medicine
  • University of Wisconsin - Madison