初级保健运动医学（青少年与成人）

Karl B Fields, MD

• Editor-in-Chief — Primary Care Sports Medicine (Adolescents and Adults)
• Section Editor — Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Recovery; Sports-Related Injuries; Symptom Assessment and Physical Examination
• Professor of Family Medicine and Sports Medicine
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Honorary Senior Researcher
• WITS Institute for Sport & Health (WISH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand

责任主编

Jonathan Grayzel, MD, FAAEM

• Senior Deputy Editor — UpToDate
• Deputy Editor — Emergency Medicine (Adult and Pediatric)
• Deputy Editor — Primary Care Sports Medicine (Adolescents and Adults)
• Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
• University of Massachusetts Medical School

James F Wiley, II, MD, MPH

• Senior Deputy Editor — UpToDate
• Deputy Editor — Adult and Pediatric Emergency Medicine
• Deputy Editor — Primary Care Sports Medicine (Adolescents and Adults)
• Clinical Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine/Traumatology
• University of Connecticut School of Medicine

副主编

Chad A Asplund, MD, MPH, FAMSSM

• Section Editor — Adult Orthopedics; Sports-Related Injuries
• Associate Professor, Family Medicine and Orthopedics
• Mayo Clinic, Sports Medicine
• Minneapolis, MN

Joseph Chorley, MD

• Section Editor — Pediatric Sports Medicine; Adolescent Sports Medicine
• Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine, and Sports Medicine
• Baylor College of Medicine

Patrice Eiff, MD

• Section Editor — Adult Orthopedics; Sports-Related Injuries
• Professor of Family Medicine
• Oregon Health & Science University

Karl B Fields, MD

• Editor-in-Chief — Primary Care Sports Medicine (Adolescents and Adults)
• Section Editor — Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Recovery; Sports-Related Injuries; Symptom Assessment and Physical Examination
• Professor of Family Medicine and Sports Medicine
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Honorary Senior Researcher
• WITS Institute for Sport & Health (WISH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand

Peter Fricker, MBBS, FACSP

• Section Editor — Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Recovery; Exercise, Sports Nutrition, and Miscellaneous; Sports-Related Injuries
• Adjunct Professor
• Griffith University: Institute of Sport, Exercise, and Active Living
• Victoria University

Albert C Hergenroeder, MD

• Section Editor — Pediatric Sports Medicine; Adolescent Sports Medicine
• Professor & Chief of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Sports Medicine
• Baylor College of Medicine

Francis G O'Connor, MD, MPH, FACSM

• Section Editor — Sports-Related Injuries; Symptom Assessment and Physical Examination; Medical Issues Related to Sports and Exercise
• Professor of Military and Emergency Medicine
• Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Authors

Jessica Hoops, BA

• Editorial Assistant ─ UpToDate

Authors

Rohit Aggarwal, MD, MSc

• Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology
• University of Pittsburgh

Antoin Alexander, MD

• David Grant Medical Center
• Travis Air Force Base, California
• Family Medicine Residency Program

John Alsobrook, MD

• Community Health & Family Medicine
• University of Florida

Harrison Alter, MD, MS, FACEP

• Attending Physician
• Highland Hospital – Alameda Health System, Oakland, California
• Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine
• University of California, San Francisco

Lawrence J Appel, MD, MPH

• C. David Molina Professor of Medicine
• Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Raul Artal, MD, FACOG, FACSM

• Professor Emeritus
• Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women's Health
• Saint Louis University

Chad A Asplund, MD, MPH, FAMSSM

• Section Editor — Adult Orthopedics; Sports-Related Injuries
• Associate Professor, Family Medicine and Orthopedics
• Mayo Clinic, Sports Medicine
• Minneapolis, MN

Shireen Atabaki, MD, MPH, FAAP

• Vice Chair, Institutional Review Board
• Medical Director, Informatics
• Professor of Pediatrics & Emergency Medicine
• George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences
• Children's National Health System

Ehsan Azadani, DDS, MS

• Assistant Professor
• The Ohio State University | Nationwide Children's Hospital

Michael C Bachman, MD, MBA

• Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine
• Sunrise Children's Hospital

Richard G Bachur, MD

• Section Editor — Pediatric Trauma
• Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine
• Harvard Medical School

Austin Baraki, MD

• Department of Medicine
• San Antonio Military Medical Center

David Baron, MSEd, DO, DFAPA

• Provost and Senior Vice President
• Western University of Health Sciences
• Emeritus Professor, Keck University of USC

Rebecca Bassett, MD

• Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor
• University of North Carolina School of Medicine

David J Berkoff, MD, FAAEM, CAQSM

• Professor of Orthopedics and Emergency Medicine
• Department of Exercise and Sport Science
• University of North Carolina Chapel Hill

Anthony Beutler, MD

• Associate Medical Director and Program Director, Sports Medicine
• Intermountain Healthcare, Provo, UT
• Professor of Family Medicine
• Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD

Philip E Blazar, MD

• Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
• Harvard Medical School

Josh Bloom, MD, MPH

• Clinical Instructor, Department of Family Medicine
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Jim G Blount, MD, CAQSM

• Adjunct Clinical Professor, Departments of Family Medicine and Sports Medicine
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Blake Reid Boggess, DO, FAAFP

• Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
• Duke Sports Medicine Team Physician
• Duke University Medical Center

Joan Bothner, MD

• Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine
• University of Colorado School of Medicine

Kathy Boutis, MD, FRCPC, FAAP, MSc

• Section Editor – Pediatric Trauma
• Professor of Pediatrics
• University of Toronto

James Bray, MD

• Assistant Professor of Family Medicine
• Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine

Fred H Brennan, Jr, DO, FAOASM, FAAFP, FACSM

• Associate Director, Turley Family Medicine Residency Program, Clearwater, Florida
• Assistant Program Director, Turley/University of South Florida Sports Medicine Fellowship
• Affiliate Assistant Professor, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine

Mark B Bromberg, MD, PhD

• Professor of Neurology
• Department of Neurology, University of Utah

David C Brooks, MD

• Associate Professor of Surgery
• Harvard Medical School

Gabriel P Brooks, PT, DPT, SCS, MTC

• Director of Program Development
• 360 Physical Therapy

Rachelle Buchbinder, MBBS, MSc, PhD, FRACP

• Rheumatologist and Director, Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology
• Cabrini Hospital
• Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine
• Monash University

Lisa R Callahan, MD

• Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
• Cornell University Medical College

Juan J Canoso, MD, MACR

• ABC Medical Center, México City, Mexico
• Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

Dennis A Cardone, DO

• Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
• Chief, Division of Primary Care Sports Medicine
• NYU Langone Medical Center

Douglas J Casa, PhD, ATC, FNAK, FACSM, FNATA

• Chief Executive Officer, Korey Stringer Institute
• Professor, Department of Kinesiology
• College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut

Jennifer Chapman, MD

• Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine
• George Washington University

Joseph Chorley, MD

• Section Editor — Pediatric Sports Medicine; Adolescent Sports Medicine
• Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine, and Sports Medicine
• Baylor College of Medicine

Kevin C Chung, MD, MS

• Chief of Hand Surgery
• Charles B.G de Nancrede Professor of Surgery
• University of Michigan Health System

Mark C Clark, MD, FAAEM, FAAP, FACEP

• Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
• University of Florida College of Medicine

James R Clugston, MD, MS, FAMSSM

• Associate Professor of Community Health and Family Medicine
• University of Florida College of Medicine

Dawn P Coe, PhD

• Associate Professor, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies
• University of Tennessee

Joanna Cohen, MD

• Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine
• George Washington University

Jill Cook, PhD, BAppSci(Phty)

• Professor of Research in Injury in Sport and its Prevention
• College of Science, Health and Engineering
• School of Allied Health
• La Trobe University

Spencer T Copland, MD

• Adjunct Assistant Professor, Dept of Family Medicine, UNC
• Sports Medicine Fellowship, Moses Cone Hospital System

Carlton J Covey, MD

• Associate Professor of Family Medicine
• Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

James M Daniels, MD, MPH, RMSK

• Professor of Family & Community Medicine and Orthopedic Surgery
• Vice Chair and Director of Scholarly Activity
• Department of Family & Community Medicine
• Southern Illinois University School of Medicine

William S David, MD, PhD

• Associate Professor of Neurology
• Harvard Medical School

Cooper Dean, MD

• Clinical Assistant Professor
• Department of Radiology
• University of Florida College of Medicine

Jason E Decker, MD, FAAP

• Pediatrics and Sports Medicine
• Private Practice

Richard Derby, MD

• Primary Care Sports Medicine
• HSHS Medical Group, O’Fallon, IL
• Assistant Professor of Family Medicine/Sports Medicine
• St. Louis University Family Medicine Residency Program

Kevin deWeber, MD, FAMSSM, FAAFP, FACSM

• Director, SW Washington Sports Medicine Fellowship
• Vancouver, WA
• Affiliate Associate Professor of Family Medicine
• Oregon Health and Science University
• Clinical Assistant Professor of Family Medicine
• University of Washington School of Medicine

William W Dexter, MD

• Professor
• University of Vermont College of Medicine
• Director, Sports Medicine Program
• Maine Medical Center

Pierre A d'Hemecourt, MD

• Lecturer in Sports Medicine
• Harvard Medical School

John P DiFiori, MD

• Chief, Primary Sports Medicine
• Hospital for Special Surgery
• New York, New York
• NBA Director of Sports Medicine

Paul Dijkstra, FFSEM (UK)

• Consultant Sport and Exercise Medicine Physician

Sameer Dixit, MD

• Assistant, Attending Physician, Primary Sports Medicine
• Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York

J Bryan Dixon, MD

• Clinical Associate Professor of Family Medicine
• Michigan State University College of Human Medicine

Timothy Ryan Draper, DO, AAFP, CAQ Sports Medicine

• Assistant Professor of Family Medicine
• University of North Carolina School of Medicine
• Associate Program Director
• Cone Health Sports Medicine

Patrice Eiff, MD

• Section Editor — Adult Orthopedics; Sports-Related Injuries
• Professor of Family Medicine
• Oregon Health & Science University

Kristin Ernest, MD

• Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
• Baylor College of Medicine

Adele Karen Evans, MD, FAAP

• Associate Professor of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
• Louisiana State University School of Medicine

Randolph W Evans, MD, FAAN

• Clinical Professor of Neurology
• Baylor College of Medicine

Rebecca K Fastle, MD

• Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
• University of New Mexico School of Medicine
• Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Director

Jordan Feigenbaum, MD, MS

• Barbell Medicine

Anna M Feldweg, MD

• Director, Editorial Management — UpToDate
• Deputy Editor — Allergy and Immunology
• Assistant Professor of Medicine, Part-time
• Harvard Medical School

Jill Ferrari, PhD, BSc

• Senior Lecturer, Podiatry
• University of East London, United Kingdom

Karl B Fields, MD

• Editor-in-Chief — Primary Care Sports Medicine (Adolescents and Adults)
• Section Editor — Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Recovery; Sports-Related Injuries; Symptom Assessment and Physical Examination
• Professor of Family Medicine and Sports Medicine
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Honorary Senior Researcher
• WITS Institute for Sport & Health (WISH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand

Jonathan Finnoff, DO

• Professor
• Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
• Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
• Chief Medical Officer
• United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee

Gary R Fleisher, MD

• Editor-in-Chief — Adult and Pediatric Emergency Medicine
• Section Editor — Pediatric Signs and Symptoms
• Egan Family Foundation Professor
• Harvard Medical School

Katherine Walker Foster, MD

• Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine

Barry A Franklin, PhD

• Director, Preventive Cardiology & Cardiac Rehabilitation
• William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
• Professor of Internal Medicine
• Oakland University

M Alaric Franzos, MD, MPH, FACC, FACP

• Assistant Professor of Medicine
• Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Andrew French, MD

• Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
• University of Colorado School of Medicine

Ryan P Friedberg, MD

• Clinical Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine
• Harvard Medical School

Joseph M Furman, MD, PhD

• Professor
• University of Pittsburgh

Scott A Gallagher, MD

• Emergency Physician, Aspen Valley Hospital, Aspen, CO
• Physician Advisor, Mountain Rescue Aspen, Aspen, CO
• Senior Clinical Instructor, Department of Surgery
• University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine

Matthew Gammons, MD

• Medical Director of Sport Medicine
• Vermont Orthopaedic Clinic

Matthew F Gardiner, MD

• Section Editor — Ophthalmology
• Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
• Harvard Medical School

Anne C Gill, DrPH, MS, RN

• Professor of Pediatrics and Medical Ethics
• Baylor College of Medicine

Siôn Glyn-Jones, MA DPhil FRCS (Orth)

• Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
• University of Oxford

Laura A Goguen, MD

• Associate Professor in Otology and Laryngology
• Harvard Medical School

Adam O Goldstein, MD, MPH

• Professor
• Department of Family Medicine
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Beth G Goldstein, MD

• Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor
• Department of Dermatology
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Kaoru Goshima, MD

• Professor, Surgery
• University of Arizona Health Sciences Center

Jocelyn R Gravlee, MD

• Clinical Associate Professor of Community Health and Family Medicine
• University of Florida College of Medicine

Jonathan Grayzel, MD, FAAEM

• Senior Deputy Editor — UpToDate
• Deputy Editor — Emergency Medicine (Adult and Pediatric)
• Deputy Editor — Primary Care Sports Medicine (Adolescents and Adults)
• Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
• University of Massachusetts Medical School

Andrew J. M. Gregory, MD

• Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
• Vanderbilt University School of Medic

Megan Groh Miller, MD

• Primary Care Sports Medicine Specialist
• UPMC Tri-Rivers Musculoskeletal Centers
• Head Team Physician
• Slippery Rock University

Peter Hackett, MD

• Altitude Research Center
• Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
• Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado

Mederic M Hall, MD

• Associate Professor of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation
• UI Sports Medicine, University of Iowa

Shona Halson, PhD

• School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia

Jean M Hammel, MD

• Vice Chairman
• Department of Emergency Medicine
• Norwalk Hospital/Nuvance Health System

Robert R Hansebout, MD, FRCS(C), FACS

• Professor Emeritus, Division of Neurosurgery
• McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

Carol Hartigan, MD

• Medical Director
• New England Baptist Hospital Spine Center
• Assistant Clinical Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
• Harvard Medical School

Brian S Harvey, DO

• Sports Medicine Center | Pediatric Sports Medicine
• Children's Mercy Kansas City
• Associate Program Director, Pediatric Sports Medicine Fellowship
• Assistant Professor | UMKC School of Medicine

Robert L Hatch, MD, MPH

• Professor of Family Medicine
• University of Florida College of Medicine

John R Hatzenbuehler, MD, FACSM

• St. Luke's Wood River Family Medicine

Howard W Hauptman, MD

• Chief of Rheumatology
• Greater Baltimore Medical Center

William G Heegaard, MD, MPH

• Professor of Emergency Medicine
• University of Minnesota School of Medicine

Albert C Hergenroeder, MD

• Section Editor — Pediatric Sports Medicine; Adolescent Sports Medicine
• Professor & Chief of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Sports Medicine
• Baylor College of Medicine

Tamara Hew-Butler, DPM, PhD, FACSM

• Associate Professor, Exercise and Sports Science
• College of Education, Wayne State University

Irl B Hirsch, MD

• Section Editor — Diabetes Mellitus
• Professor of Medicine
• University of Washington School of Medicine

Robert S Hockberger, MD, FACEP

• Section Editor — Adult Signs and Symptoms
• Emeritus Professor of Medicine
• David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

Judd E Hollander, MD

• Professor and Vice Chair Department of Emergency Medicine
• Thomas Jefferson University

Allyson S Howe, MD, FAAFP, CAQ Sports Medicine

• Assistant Professor of Family and Sports Medicine
• Tufts University

Stephen Hulkower, MD

• Associate Professor of Family Medicine
• University of North Carolina School of Medicine

Mark R Hutchinson, MD, FACSM, FAAOS

• Distinguished Professor of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine
• University of Illinois at Chicago

Mary Lloyd Ireland, MD

• Associate Professor of Sports Medicine
• University of Kentucky College of Medicine

Paul Ishimine, MD

• Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics
• University of California, San Diego School of Medicine

Jonathan Jackson, MD

• Associate Professor of Family Medicine
• Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Bret C Jacobs, DO, MA

• Clinical Assistant Professor
• Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
• Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Deborah S Jacobs, MD

• Section Editor — Ophthalmology
• Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Part-Time
• Harvard Medical School

Carrie A Jaworski, MD, FAAFP, FACSM

• Clinical Assistant Professor of Family Medicine
• Director, Division of Primary Care Sports Medicine
• Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship Director
• University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine

Neeru Jayanthi, MD

• Associate Professor of Orthopedics and Family Medicine, Emory Sports Medicine Center
• Director, Emory Tennis Medicine

Rob Johnson, MD

• Professor of Family Medicine and Community Health
• University of Minnesota
• Team Physician
• University of Minnesota Athletics

Samir V Joshi, MD, DCH, FAAP

• Clinical Assistant Professor
• University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

Cecilia Matilda Jude, MD

• Clinical Professor of Radiology
• David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

Edward Kachur, MD, FRCS(C)

• Associate Professor, Division of Neurosurgery
• McMaster University

Amy Kaji, MD, PhD

• Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
• David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

Kristine A Karlson, MD

• Associate Professor of Community and Family Medicine and Orthopedics
• Dartmouth Medical School

Hillary R Kelly, MD

• Assistant Professor of Radiology
• Harvard Medical School

Nancy R Kelly, MD, MPH

• Professor of Pediatrics
• University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas

Andrew J Kienstra, MD

• Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine
• University of Texas at Austin
• Dell Medical School
• Dell Children's Medical Center

Yukiko Kimura, MD

• Professor of Pediatrics
• Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine
• Division Chief of Pediatric Rheumatology
• Joseph M Sanzari Children's Hospital
• Hackensack University Medical Center

Scott M Koehler, MD

• Physician, Sports Medicine Specialist
• Allina Health, Northfield, Minnesota

Stephen L Kopecky, MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP, FASPC

• Professor of Medicine
• Department of Cardiovascular Diseases
• Mayo Clinic

Milind J Kothari, DO

• Professor of Neurology and Medical Education
• Vice-Chair, Faculty Development
• USF Health, Morsani College of Medicine

David Kruse, MD

• Primary Care Sports Medicine
• Orthopaedic Specialty Institute

Geoffrey Kuhlman, MD, CAQSM, FAAFP

• Physician
• AMITA Health Medical Group
• Former Team Physician
• United States National Soccer Teams

J Thomas Lamont, MD

• Editor-in-Chief — Gastroenterology and Hepatology
• Section Editor — Anorectal Disorders and Misc. Lower GI Disease; Nutrition, Malabsorption, and Misc. Upper GI Disease
• Professor of Medicine
• Harvard Medical School

Annie Lapointe, MD, MPH

• Associate Professor
• University of Montreal, Canada

Shane L Larson, MD

• Assistant Professor of Family Medicine
• Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Daryl Lawson, PT, MPT, DSc

• Associate Professor
• Western Michigan University

Lois K Lee, MD, MPH

• Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine
• Harvard Medical School

Eric Legome, MD

• Professor and Chair of Emergency Medicine
• Mount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West Hospitals
• Vice Chair of Academic Affairs, Emergency Medicine
• Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Julie C Leonard, MD, MPH

• Professor of Pediatrics
• Nationwide's Children's Hospital
• The Ohio State University, College of Medicine
• Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine and
• Nationwide Children’s Hospital

Steven C Lin, MD, MPH

• Attending Gastroenterologist
• Kaiser Permanente Washington

Mark S Link, MD

• Section Editor — Cardiac Arrhythmias
• Professor of Medicine
• UT Southwestern Medical Center

Mark Lydecker, MPT, OCS, ATC

• Clinical Associate Professor
• Doctor of Physical Therapy Program
• University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee

James MacDonald, MD, MPH, FAAFP, FACSM

• Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Sports Medicine
• Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Family Medicine
• The Ohio State University

Charles G Macias, MD, MPH

• Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University
• Division Chief, Pediatric Emergency Medicine
• Vice Chair Quality/Chief Quality Officer, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital

Christopher Madias, MD

• Assistant Professor
• Tufts University School of Medicine

Kelly Michele Malloy, MD

• Associate Professor
• Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
• University of Michigan Medical School

Scott David Martin, MD

• Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
• Harvard Medical School

Sean N Martin, DO

• Branch Chief, Sports Medicine
• Headquarters Air Force Special Operations Command
• Office of the Command Surgeon
• Hurlburt Field, FL

Tamara L Martin, MD

• Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
• Harvard Medical School

Karen L Maughan, MD

• Associate Professor of Family Medicine
• University of Virginia

Ryanne J Mayersak, MD, MS

• Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
• Assistant Residency Director
• Oregon Health & Science University

Christopher McGrew, MD

• Professor of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation
• University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center

Dennis J McTigue, DDS, MS

• Professor Emeritus, Division of Pediatric Dentistry
• Ohio State University

William P Meehan, III, MD

• Director of The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention
• Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
• Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Orthopedics
• Harvard Medical School

Donna Reyes Mendez, MD

• Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
• University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHSC) Medical School Houston

Angelo Mercieri, MD

• Internal Medicine Unit
• Head Physician of Emergencies Unit
• Bolognini Hospital, Seriate, Bergamo, Italy

Thomas J Mezzanotte, MD

• Orthopaedic Traumatologist
• McLeod Regional Medical Center

Lyle J Micheli, MD

• Director, Division of Sports Medicine
• Boston Children’s Hospital
• Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
• Harvard Medical School
• Secretary General
• International Federation of Sports Medicine

Marc L Miller, MD

• Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine
• Tufts University School of Medicine

Shahla Modarresi, MD

• Clinical Professor of Radiology
• David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

Daren Molina, MD

• Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine, and Sports Medicine
• Baylor College of Medicine

Brian R Moore, MD

• Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine
• University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center

Stefan Moosmayer, MD, PhD

• Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon
• Department of Orthopedic Surgery
• Martina Hansens Hospital

Miriam C Morey, PhD

• Professor
• Department of Medicine Co-Director
• Older Americans Independence (Pepper) Center
• Associate Research Director
• Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center
• Durham VA Medical Center

Sean W Mulvaney, MD

• Associate Professor
• Military and Emergency Medicine
• Uniformed University of the Health Sciences

Greg D Myer, PhD, FACSM, CSCS*D

• Emory Sport Performance and Research Center, Flowery Branch, GA
• Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA
• Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
• The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA

Jonathan Napolitano, MD, FAAPMR

• Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Sports Medicine
• Clinical Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Pediatrics
• The Ohio State University

Sara Neal, MD

• Professor of Family Medicine
• Moses Cone Health System

Gregory Ness, DDS, FACS

• DP Snyder Professor of Oral Surgery
• Residency Program Director, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• College of Dentistry

Mark I Neuman, MD, MPH

• Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine
• Harvard Medical School

Peter A Nigrovic, MD

• Prince Turki Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud Professor of Pediatrics
• Harvard Medical School
• Chief, Division of Immunology
• Boston Children's Hospital

Nathaniel Nye, MD

• Assistant Professor of Family Medicine
• Uniformed Services University

Michael J O'Brien, MD

• Director of the Sports Concussion Clinic
• Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
• Assistant Professor of Orthopedics
• Harvard Medical School

Paul M O'Byrne, MB, FRSC

• EJ Moran Campbell Professor
• McMaster University, Canada

Francis G O'Connor, MD, MPH, FACSM

• Section Editor — Sports-Related Injuries; Symptom Assessment and Physical Examination; Medical Issues Related to Sports and Exercise
• Professor of Military and Emergency Medicine
• Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Shimpei Ono, MD, PhD

• Assistant Professor
• Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery
• Nippon Medical School

Antony Palmer, MA, BMBCh, DPhil

• NIHR Clinical Lecturer in Trauma and Orthopaedics

Justin Paoloni, MBBS, BSc, PhD, MSpMed, FACSP

• Associate Professor of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine
• University of New South Wales

Craig Parsons, MS, PT

• The Physical Therapy Network

Jon Patricios, MBBCh, MMedSci, FACSM, FFSEM (UK), FFIMS

• Associate Professor, Wits Institute for Sport and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences
• University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa

Antonio Pelliccia, MD

• Chief of Cardiology
• Institute of Sport Medicine and Science, Rome, Italy

Mark A Perazella, MD, FACP

• Professor of Medicine
• Yale University School of Medicine

Leigh Perreault, MD

• Associate Professor of Medicine
• University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
• Associate Professor of Epidemiology
• Colorado School of Public Health

Catherine E Perron, MD

• Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
• Harvard Medical School

Douglas M Peterson, MD, MBA, FACP, FACSM

• Assistant Professor of Medicine
• Mayo Medical School

David J Petron, MD

• Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics
• University of Utah

James M Pivarnik, PhD

• Professor of Kinesiology, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics
• Michigan State University

Tore A Prestgaard, MD

• Department of Neurology, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Drammen Hospital, Norway
• Board Member of the Scandinavian Foundation of Medicine and Science in Sports

Craig R Purdam, DSc M Sports Physio

• Professor, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Australia
• Professor, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia

Margot Putukian, MD, FACSM, FAMSSM

• Director of Athletic Medicine
• Princeton University
• Associate Clinical Professor
• Robert Wood Johnson Medical School - University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey

David B Pyne, PhD, FACSM

• Research Professor
• Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra

Catherine Rogers Rainbow, MD, SMCAQ

• Clinical Instructor
• University of North Carolina School of Medicine

Ali Raja, MD, MBA, MPH

• Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Executive Vice Chairman
• Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital

Venkatakrishna Rajajee, MBBS

• Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery and Neurology
• University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Sathish Rajasekaran, MD

• Assistant Clinical Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
• University of Alberta

Jonathan Rees, FRCP (UK), FFSEM (UK), MD

• Consultant in Sports Medicine and Rheumatology
• Fortius Clinic London
• Honorary Senior Lecturer in Sport and Exercise Medicine
• Queen Mary College London

Karina Reyner Pauly, MD

• Associate Professor of Medicine
• Texas A&M College of Medicine

Michael C Riddell, PhD

• Professor
• York University

David Ring, MD, PhD

• Associate Dean for Comprehensive Care
• Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin

William O Roberts, MD, MS, FACSM

• Professor of Family Medicine and Community Health
• University of Minnesota Medical School

W Neal Roberts, Jr, MD

• Professor of Medicine
• University of Kentucky

Diana Robinson, MBBS FACSEP

• Chair, Curriculum Committee
• Chief Project Manager, Specialist Training Program Education Projects
• Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians

Richard Rodenberg, MD

• Associate Professor of Pediatrics
• Nationwide Children’s Hospital
• The Ohio State University

Jonathan M Rosen, MD

• Director
• Undergraduate Medical Education
• Associate Dean
• University of Vermont College of Medicine
• Western Connecticut Health Network

Mitchell H Rosner, MD

• Professor of Medicine
• University of Virginia Health System

Seward B Rutkove, MD

• Professor of Neurology
• Harvard Medical School

Leticia Manning Ryan, MD, MPH, FAAP

• Associate Professor of Pediatrics
• Division of Emergency Medicine
• Johns Hopkins Children's Center

Charlotte Sadler, MD

• Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
• University of California, San Diego (UCSD)

Robert E Sallis, MD, FAAFP, FACSM

• Co-Director; Sports Medicine Fellowship
• Kaiser Permanente Medical Center; Fontana, CA
• Clinical Professor of Family Medicine
• UC Riverside School of Medicine

Jonathan A Santana, DO

• Assistant Professor of Adolescent and Primary Care Sports Medicine
• Baylor College of Medicine

Susan A Scherl, MD

• Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
• University of Nebraska

Sara Schutzman, MD

• Assistant Professor
• Harvard Medical School

Paula Schweich, MD

• Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
• University of Washington School of Medicine

Henrik Winther Schytz, MD, PhD, DMSCi

• Associate Professor, Danish Headache Center
• University of Copenhagen

Alexander Scott, PhD, RPT

• Associate Professor of Physical Therapy
• University of British Columbia

Sandeep J Sebastin Muttath, MMed, FAMS

• Senior Consultant Hand Surgeon
• Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery Partners
• Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore

Scott C Sherman, MD

• Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
• Rush Medical College

Robert H Shmerling, MD

• Section Editor — Diagnostic Issues in Rheumatology
• Associate Professor of Medicine
• Harvard Medical School

Stephen M Simons, MD, FACSM

• Co-Director
• South Bend-Notre Dame Sports Medicine Fellowship

Mark Slabaugh, MD

• Associate Professor of Surgery
• Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences
• Orthopedics and Joint Replacement
• Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore

Peter J Snyder, MD

• Editor-in-Chief — Endocrinology
• Section Editor — Pituitary Disease; Male Reproductive Endocrinology
• Professor of Medicine
• University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Taunton R Southwood, MD, FRACP, FRCPA, FRCP, FRCPCH

• Emeritus Professor
• University of Birmingham and Birmingham Children's Hospital

Kimberly P Stone, MD, MS, MA

• Associate Professor of Pediatrics
• University of Washington

Andrea Stracciolini, MD

• Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
• Harvard Medical School

Jonathon Sullivan, MD, PhD, FACEP, SSC

• Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
• Wayne State University
• Starting Strength Coach
• Greysteel Strength and Conditioning, LLC

Anna Svatikova, MD, PhD

• Senior Associate Consultant, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic
• Assistant Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic

David M Systrom, MD, FRCPC

• Assistant Professor of Medicine
• Harvard Medical School

Jonathan Taffe, MD

• Shands Teaching Physician
• University of Florida College of Medicine

Cole Taylor, MD

• Assistant Professor of Family Medicine
• Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

John S Tipton, MD

• Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine
• University of North Carolina

Stephen Titus, MD

• Program Director
• Baylor Family Medicine Residency

Derrick J Todd, MD, PhD

• Instructor of Medicine
• Harvard Medical School

D Scott Upton, MD

• Sports Medicine
• Private Practice, San Diego

Aaron Vaughan, MD, CAQSM

• MAHEC Family Medicine Physician, Sports Medicine Director
• Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship Director
• UNC Health Sciences at MAHEC

Pat R Vehrs, PhD, FACSM

• Associate Professor
• Brigham Young University

Timothy J Von Fange, MD

• Family Medicine and Sports Performance Clinical Faculty
• St. Vincent Family Medicine Residency

Lauren Weinberger Conlon, MD

• Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine
• University of Pennsylvania

Klane White, MD

• Professor, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine
• University of Washington School of Medicine

Christopher T Whitlow, MD, PhD, MHA

• Associate Professor and Chief of Neuroradiology
• Wake Forest School of Medicine

James F Wiley, II, MD, MPH

• Senior Deputy Editor — UpToDate
• Deputy Editor — Adult and Pediatric Emergency Medicine
• Deputy Editor — Primary Care Sports Medicine (Adolescents and Adults)
• Clinical Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine/Traumatology
• University of Connecticut School of Medicine

Velyn Wu, MD, FAAFP

• Assistant Clinical Professor, University of Florida College of Medicine

Craig Young, MD

• Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Family and Community Medicine
• Medical College of Wisconsin
• Honorary Senior Researcher
• WITS Institute for Sport & Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences

Mark Young, MBBS, FACSEP, DRCOG

• Honorary Research Fellow QUT, Department of Stem Cell Therapies
• QSports Medicine

Ken Zafren, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, FAWM

• Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine
• Stanford University Medical Center
• Former Emergency Programs Medical Director, State of Alaska

Richard D Zane, MD

• Section Editor — Emergency Medical Services/Disaster Medicine
• Professor and Chair of Emergency Medicine
• University of Colorado School of Medicine

Peer Reviewers

Kevin deWeber, MD, FAMSSM, FAAFP, FACSM

• Director, SW Washington Sports Medicine Fellowship
• Vancouver, WA
• Affiliate Associate Professor of Family Medicine
• Oregon Health and Science University
• Clinical Assistant Professor of Family Medicine
• University of Washington School of Medicine

Timothy Ryan Draper, DO, AAFP, CAQ Sports Medicine

• Assistant Professor of Family Medicine
• University of North Carolina School of Medicine
• Associate Program Director
• Cone Health Sports Medicine

Karl B Fields, MD

• Editor-in-Chief — Primary Care Sports Medicine (Adolescents and Adults)
• Section Editor — Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Recovery; Sports-Related Injuries; Symptom Assessment and Physical Examination
• Professor of Family Medicine and Sports Medicine
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Honorary Senior Researcher
• WITS Institute for Sport & Health (WISH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand

Ryan P Friedberg, MD

• Clinical Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine
• Harvard Medical School

Richard Lerner, MD

• Assistant Professor of Medicine
• University of Massachusetts Medical School

James MacDonald, MD, MPH, FAAFP, FACSM

• Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Sports Medicine
• Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Family Medicine
• The Ohio State University

Sean N Martin, DO

• Branch Chief, Sports Medicine
• Headquarters Air Force Special Operations Command
• Office of the Command Surgeon
• Hurlburt Field, FL

Robert F Ostrum, MD

• Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Tore A Prestgaard, MD

• Department of Neurology, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Drammen Hospital, Norway
• Board Member of the Scandinavian Foundation of Medicine and Science in Sports